John Locke ideas Essay

How did ideas of Locke’s Social Contract influence the Declaration of Independence? John Locke’s ideas influenced the writing of the Declaration of Independence by the discussion of equal rights, purpose of the government, and what the people should do to an abusive government. Both in the Declaration of Independence and in the Social Contract John Locke, they list that men should have equal rights. Also they both state the purpose of having a government. Lastly, they say what the people should do if the government does not protect these rights. In the Social Contract by John Locke and in the Declaration of Independence they state that men have rights. In the Social Contract it says â€Å"Men have rights by their nature†¦ We give up our right to ourselves exact [revenge] for crimes in return for [nonjudgmental] justice backed by overwhelming force. We retain the right to life and liberty, and gain the right to just, impartial protection of our property. † Just as in the Declaration of Independence it says â€Å"We hold these truths to be [obvious], that all men are created equal, that they are [entitled] by their Creator with certain [mandatory] Rights, that among these Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. † Therefore the Declaration of Independence got the idea Life, Liberty, and pursuit happiness from the Social Contract. Another idea both the Social Contract and Declaration of Independence have in common is the purpose of the government. John Locke’s Social Contracts States â€Å". Society creates order and grants the state its [purpose]†¦ The only role of the state is to ensure that justice is seen to be done† Corresponding to what the Declaration of Independence states â€Å"That to [protect] these rights, Government are [created] [by] Men, [coming] [from] their [own] powers from the [permission] of the [people]. † These writings both mean that the government has a duty to protect the rights of the people. The last thing John Locke did to influence the Declaration of Independence is he created the idea of what the citizens should do to abusive governments. â€Å"If a ruler seeks absolute power, if the acts both as judge and participant in disputes, he puts himself in a state of ear with his subjects and we have the right and the duty to kill such rulers and their servants. † this was the idea in John Locke’s Social Contract. This is very similar to what the Declaration of Independence, which says â€Å"That whenever any Form of government becomes destructive of these [rights], it is the Right of the People to [change] or to [get] [rid] [of] [it], and to [create] [a] new Government†. Both of these mean that if the government does not protect the rights of the people, the people can overthrow the government. How did ideas of Locke’s Social Contract influence the Declaration of Independence? John Locke’s ideas influenced the writing of the Declaration of Independence by the discussion of equal rights, purpose of the government, and what the people should do to an abusive government Men have equal rights is both stated in John Locke’s Social Contract and in the Declaration of Independence. Also they share the purpose of what the government should do. Lastly, they share the responsibilities of what the people should do in a abusive government.

L.L. Bean, Inc. Case Study Essay

1. How does L.L. Bean use past demand data and a specific item forecast to decide how many units of that item to stock? L.L. Bean uses different type of calculation to determine the number of units of a particular item it should stock (new item or never out item). First we detect a frozen demand forecast for the item in the upcoming season. This figure is a result of an agreement between product people, merchandising, design and inventory specialists. Then, we analyze the historical forecast errors (named A/F ratios) and the frequency distribution of these errors for each individual item by using the historical demand and forecast data. Once the historical forecast errors is determined, we define future forecast errors by using frequency distribution of past forecast errors as probability distribution. Finally we find the service level based on a profit margin calculation: determine by balancing contribution margin if demanded against its liquidation cost if not demanded. We can notice that for new items it is more complicated to have good prevision because we know very little about them. 2. What item costs and revenues are relevant to the decision of how many units of that item to stock? Principally, L.L. Bean will need 3 types of data to decide how many units of an item to stock. First, they need to know the buying cost of the item. Then, they need the selling price of the item. With these 2 figures, they can calculate the profit margin and the costs of understocking. The 3rd figure they need is the liquidation cost of an item. With the liquidation cost, they can calculate the costs of overstocking. With all these data, we can decide the final amount of items to stock by comparing the understocking costs and overstocking costs. 3. What information should Scott Sklar have available to help him arrive at a demand forecast for a particular style of men’s shirt that is a new catalog item? Scott Sklar should have data about actual and forecasted demand of new item that were previously introduced. With these data, he can know the different costs of launching a new item. Then, he should have an idea of the selling price given by marketing, sales and production department. With that, he has to know cost of sales, commissions provided for sales, stock outs and backorders cost. He can also compare this new item to the competitor and get sales information. It will help him to understand the  existing market trends for that new item. Following that he should know the level of buffer stock he should have to avoid stock outs by matching stock out costs and over-stocking costs. Finally he should precise the service level by calculating the profit margin and observe if new products are pulling customers away from existing products. All of this will help him to forecast the demand for a new catalogue item. 4. What should L.L. Bean do to improve its forecasting process? L.L. Bean has 5 important things if the company wants to improve its forecasting process: They have to have more than they have market researches to their products they will sell. Actually, they will be understand clearly all news tendencies so they can adapt their stock to the others They don’t have to understand their real demand, because the goal of the real demand is to increase the profitability In the business world, a company has to understand and find a solution ton maintain the accurate and also a timely data that supports the business decisions The company has to have a forecasting discipline. This one will include a commitment to guide the forecasting process in the firm. Moreover, forecasting is strength and an element of strategic decision-making. Right people have to be involved. In fact, the forecasting management involves that people need to have an easy access to input their intelligence for the forecast, for those who have market information. This intelligenc e has to be used because this will provide information on future demand spikes and troughs.

Informative Outline About Coco Chanel

Informative Presentation Outline Fundamentals of Oral Communication Topic: Coco Chanel General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: By the end of my speech the audience will know better about Coco Chanel. Thesis: Coco Chanel brought the world of high fashion to the masses. Introduction I. Does anyone know what this logo is? A. I am assuming most of women in this room know what this is. B. This is Chanel logo, one of the most famous fashion brand in the world. C. A lot of women know Chanel and they are fascinated of Chanel products, but how many people know about Coco Chanel, the first designer of Chanel?II. Today, I am going to inform my audience about who Coco Chanel was, and her famous fashion product lines. III. Thesis statement: Coco Chanel brought the world of high fashion to the masses. Transition: Now, let’s begin with who Coco Chanel was. Body I. Who is Coco Chanel? A. She is a successful woman who overcame being an orphan. 1. Coco was born out of wedlock in the French town of Saumur in the Loire Valley on 19 August 1883 ( De La Haye, 2005). a. Coco was sent to an orphanage with her two sisters when her mom died of asthma at her age twelve, and her father left his children. b.In 1900, at her age seventeenth, she left the orphanage and attended the local convent school in Moulins (South of France) (De La Haye, 2005). c. Having been taught to sew by her aunts, her sister and she found work as dressmakers, assisting Monsieur Henri Desboutin of the House of Grampayre( De La Haye, 2005) 2. By 1903, Chanel moved to Paris and had become the mistress of a well-to-do young military officer, Etinenne Balsan (J. Baughman (Ed. ), 2001). a. She started designing hats for her friends. b. Around 1910 Balsan and her lover Capel helped Chanel set up a millinery shop at 21 rue Cambon in Paris (J.Baughman (Ed. ), 2001). c. Her Simple, elegant hats charmed the society women to whom Balsan and Capel introduced her, and by 1915 she was able to open additional shops in the resort towns of Deauville and Biarritz, France (J. Baughman (Ed. ), 2001). d. In that year she also moved into couture, designing dresses, skirts, and sweaters in jersey, a fabric not previously used in the French fashion houses (J. Baughman (Ed. ), 2001). B. She was the first woman to start a cosmetics line and the first to have a perfume named after her (Brownell, 2009). C. Coco Chanel’s real name is Gabrielle Chanel. . After she left the orphanage, she sang during evening concerts at a fashionable cafe called La Rotonde. 2. According to a quotation from a book â€Å"A Woman of Her Own† by Axel Madsen, â€Å"The only cabaret songs she knew besides â€Å"Qui qu’a vu Coco? † was â€Å"Ko ko ri ko† (Madsen, 26). 3. She earned her nickname ‘Coco’ from the songs that she sang at the cafe. Transition: Now that I’ve talked about who Coco Chanel was, now I will discuss her famous fashion product lines. II. What are her famous fa shion product lines? A. Chanel No. 5 is one of the most prestigious scents in the world (J.Baughman (Ed. ), 2001) 1. According to â€Å"The Secret of Chanel No. 5†, Chanel No. 5 is sold in nearly every country 2. One bottle is sold every 30 seconds (The Secret of Chanel No. 5). 3. More than 100 million dollars is made each year of this perfume (The Secret of Chanel No. 5). B. Coco Chanel’s â€Å"The Little Black dress† is thought to be element to the world of women’s fashion. 1. Almost a century after its real birthday in 1925, the Little Black Dress (LBD) is still the standard cocktail-party uniform for women the world over (Brownell, 2009). 2.According to Encyclopedia of clothing and fashion, American Vogue described the little black dress as â€Å"The Chanel ‘Ford’-the frock that all the world will wear† (De La Haye, 2005). Conclusion I. Today I discussed who Coco Chanel was, and her famous product lines. II. Coco Chanel brought the world of high fashion to the masses. III. Remember even though Coco Chanel was orphan she overcame and became one of successful women in the world, so do not give up on following your dream like Coco Chanel! References Brownell, G. (2009). Coco Puffs. Newsweek,  154(5), 58-59 Chanel, gabrielle ‘coco'.In (2001). J. Baughman (Ed. ),American Decades  (Vol. 3). Gale. Retrieved from http://go. galegroup. com. resources. kirkwood. edu/ps/retrieve. do? sgHitCountType=None&sort=RELEVANCE&inPS=true&prodId=GVRL&userGroupName=kirkwood_main&tabID=T003&searchId=R1&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&contentSegment=&searchType=BasicSearchForm ¤tPosition=3&contentSet=GALE|CX3468300801&&docId=GALE|CX3468300801&docType=GALE De La Haye, A. (2005). Chanel, gabrielle (coco). In S. Valerie (Ed. ),  Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion  (Vol. 1, pp. 49-254). Charles Scribner's Sons. Retrieved from http://go. galegroup. com. resources. kirkwood. edu/ps/retrieve. do? sgHitCountType=None;sort=RELEVA NCE;inPS=true;prodId=GVRL;userGroupName=kirkwood_main;tabID=T003;searchId=R1;resultListType=RESULT_LIST;contentSegment=;searchType=BasicSearchForm ¤tPosition=1;contentSet=GALE|CX3427500122;;docId=GALE|CX3427500122;docType=GALE Madsen, A. (1990). Chanel: A woman of her own. New York: H. Holt. The Secret of Chanel No. 5. (n. d. ). Hudson City School District. Retrieved from http://www. udson. edu/custom_users/mmtech/18011/18011/Chanel_No. 5. html Coco Chanel: My Hero. Retrieved March 6, 2013, from http://www. lovetwenty. com/2012/01/coco-chanel-my-hero/ Chanel Video Podcast. Retrieved March 6, 2013, from http://www. channels. com/episodes/show/13038194/CHANEL-Paris-Shanghai-12#/ajax/feeds/show/598/CHANEL-FASHION Famous French People, Coco Chanel. Retrieved March 6, 2013, from http://www. euroclubschools. org/page45. htm Chanel No. 5. Retrieved March 6, 2013, from http://www. chanel. com/en_US/fragrance-beauty/Fragrance-N%C2%B05-N%C2%B05-8818

Graffiti Art, Mural Art and Banksy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Graffiti Art, Mural Art and Banksy - Essay Example Graffiti is said to be street offshoots of murals, and are commonly called urban or street art, or street subversions. Majority of graffiti are only tagging, where only words or messages are inscribed, shouting to the public the artist’s pent-up emotions and discontentment, and are executed on walls of areas where heavy, constant human traffic is present like underground subway stations, earning graffiti another name, underground art. Underground, which refer to its under-the-surface location, and underground, which pertains to the very nature of its being illegal. Its legal counterpart, murals, has historical and artistic value and has existed since time immemorial. There have been discoveries of pre-historic paintings and carvings in caves, and in tombs of ancient royalties commemorating their lives and their reign. In Europe, old churches sport magnificent frescoes which are believed to date as far back as the 15th century. It was only in the 1920s, when murals began to be commissioned for public buildings in Mexico, that murals became public, and have become outlets for socio-economic realism and community concerns. Three leading Mexican muralists namely Diego Rivera, David Alfonso Siquieros and Jose Clemente Orosco, popularly and collectively called â€Å"Los Tres Grandes† or The Three Greats have been credited with greatly influencing the works of other muralists in the Mission District, San Francisco Area, the central hub of Latinos doing graffiti works. Graffiti became the underground vogue.... Graffiti is said to be street offshoots of murals, and are commonly called urban or street art, or street subversions. Majority of graffiti are only tagging, where only words or messages are inscribed, shouting to the public the artist’s pent-up emotions and discontentment, and are executed on walls of areas where heavy, constant human traffic is present like underground subway stations, earning graffiti another name, underground art. Underground, which refer to its under-the-surface location, and underground, which pertains to the very nature of its being illegal. Its legal counterpart, murals, has historical and artistic value and has existed since time immemorial. There have been discoveries of pre-historic paintings and carvings in caves, and in tombs of ancient royalties commemorating their lives and their reign. In Europe, old churches sport magnificent frescoes which are believed to date as far back as the 15th century. It was only in the 1920s, when murals began to be commissioned for public buildings in Mexico, that murals became public, and have become outlets for socio-economic realism and community concerns. Three leading Mexican muralists namely Diego Rivera, David Alfonso Siquieros and Jose Clemente Orosco, popularly and collectively called â€Å"Los Tres Grandes† or The Three Greats have been credited with greatly influencing the works of other muralists in the Mission District, San Francisco Area, the central hub of Latinos doing graffiti works (Drescher). Graffiti became the underground vogue during the hip-hop generations of the 80s and the 90s, although graffiti artists’ tagging deeds have been

Human Resources-Employee Selection Process Term Paper

Human Resources-Employee Selection Process - Term Paper Example The functions of HR department include management of all activities regarding employee management of the organization. The process of employee management starts from employee selection and ends when an employee leaves the company. Henderson (2008) asserts that human resource management is concerned with the management of employee population in an organization. These activities include employee recruitment, employee selection, employee training, dealing with workplace issues regarding employees, performance appraisal systems, analysis of employees’ performance and productivity, and employee development. Groenewald (2009) asserts, â€Å"Staffing, training, compensation and performance management are basically important tools in the human resources practices†. Employee Selection Process There is a difference between recruitment and selection processes. Recruitment is a process in which a company identifies vacant jobs and publishes them in the newspapers and in internal va cancy lists in order to hire suitable employees for those positions. In job advertisements, a company also specifies the required set of skills and qualifications in order to let the candidates know about the skills required for a job. Claude (2010) states, â€Å"Employee recruitment forms a major part of an organization's overall resourcing strategies†. In the process of employee selection, a company conducts job interviews and various tests in order to select the most appropriate candidates for the vacant positions. â€Å"The key to effective selection is the ability to match the right person for the right job at the right time† (Hauenstein, 2011). Employees are the most valuable assets of a company because they make the company reach heights of success. â€Å"Employee Selection is a key strategy that can save organizations tremendous resources, time, and energy† (Young, n.d.). Proper employee selection acts as the foundation for employee retention whereas neg ligence shown in employee selection process puts adverse effects on the company. It is a fact that hiring a low profile employee is just like adding an expense to the company because such an employee is not able to deliver high quality services because of lack of knowledge and required skills and abilities. Therefore, it is very important for the HR department to hire such employee for the company who should be fully competent for the job and should possess the qualities of enthusiasm, commitment, dedication, motivation, and innovative mindset. Key Activities of Employee Selection Process Employee selection is the most important part of the HR department’s responsibilities. The activities related to this process include application assessment, call for tests, written tests, employment interviews, and issuance of appointment letters. Let us discuss all of these steps in detail in order to know their importance in the employee selection process. Application Assessment This is t he very first stage of the employee selection process. During the process of application assessment, no face-to-face interaction takes place between the candidates and the company. Candidates send their applications along with resumes to the company and the company analyzes all applications to shortlist the most appealing ones. At this

Advantages and disadvantages of on-line shopping Dissertation

Advantages and disadvantages of on-line shopping - Dissertation Example Branding might cause a person to shop on-line because that person is looking for specific brands that might not be available in stores. On the other hand, branding might work to encourage people to shop high street shops, because these shops do a more effective job of branding then do on-line stores. Therefore, it is necessary to examine what branding is. Branding began with the modern age. Modern consumption is also driven by the choices that were being offered in modern society, choices that were not offered in earlier societies, before mass production of goods became the norm. This mass production had a side effect as well, one that would influence the post-modern individual’s obsession with labels and designers – branding became essential, as there were so many goods flooding the market, that companies needed to distinguish their goods from the multitude of other goods that were coming into existence. According to Naomi Klein, this led to competitive branding and, u ltimately, to the rise of designer labels, such as Calvin Klein and Ralph Lauren. Because brands are essentially the same – Coke is not really that much different from Pepsi, Reebok is not much different than Nike, Apples are not appreciably different from PCs – companies must find a way to differentiate themselves from their competitors. Goldman & Papson argue that this has led to a rather cluttered landscape for the world of advertising, as each brand tries to get a leg up on their competitors by branding themselves as somehow different from the rest. One way is by attacking and counterattacking – such as when MCI named AT&T in their advertisements for friends and family, thereby gaining market share away from AT&T, AT&T went on the defensive, deriding MCI's friends and family program as a â€Å"manipulator of personal relations† because the program involved giving MCI a person's information without that person's knowledge. Another way is by showing wha t a product is not – such as when Pringle's potato chips transposed an image of their light chip with that of a guy eating greasy chips that dripped on his shirt (Goldman & Pappas, 1996). Because brands have a hard time saying that their product is better than the other guys, they instead seek to raise their symbolic image value – LL Bean's flannel shirts may be the same in quality as Wal-Mart's, but the image of wearing an LL Bean's shirt makes the value more than Wal-Mart. It is all about the image that has been carefully cultivated in the advertisements for these brands, where the product and the image coming together is known as a â€Å"commodity sign†. This is what is meant when somebody says that one is â€Å"paying for the name† (Goldman & Pappas, 1996). Identity became a construct of consumption, in that people, both men and women, started using consumption not as a way to express one's identity, but to construct it - â€Å"brands are how we figu re out who we are.†(Kacen, 2000). This reflects the fluidity of an individual's identity, and reflects that gender identity is also a fluid concept, as opposed to a fixed attribute (Kacen, 2000). Part of this was made possible by the Nikes and Tommy Hilfigers of the world who are not just selling products, but the image that their brand connotes. Therefore, mere manufacturing has been replaced by marketing (Klein, 2000). Price discounting may to differentiate one’s brand from other brands because of the problem of brand similarity. There is some indication that price discounting may actually hurt a store’s image and the brand image, and that it might not build sales (Grewal et al., 1998). Therefore, whether or not it actually works depends on other factors. One factor is known as the perceived discount. According

Family - its Changes and Values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family - its Changes and Values - Essay Example A person may embrace another person’s difference, while some might totally turn their backs from their families or their families might turn away from them because of dissimilarities. Discussion Individuals have their own identities. No two persons have exactly the same life or desires. Even twins do have their differences, which can result in arguments. Yet these differences should not prevent a family from being a unity. As Goodman put it into context, â€Å"We don’t have to achieve to be accepted by our families. We just have to be. Our membership is not based on credentials on birth (4)†. Regardless of how much changes a person may have in a lifetime, he or she should be accepted by the family where he or she belongs. People or society may not agree as to what the person may become, yet the family should be there when a person needs them. Even the meanest person in this world is still loved by his or her family even if he or she resents them. According to Sen na, â€Å"In death we are each reduced to our essence: the spirit we are when we are born. The trappings we hold on to our whole lives – our race, our money, our sex, our age, and our politics – become irrelevant† (19). A person may have the most luxurious life in the physical world, yet he or she may be the poorest in spirit. Worldly possessions are immaterial to a person in his or her dying days. In the end, no person is spared from death. Though what the person has accomplished in life would often be just a memory forgotten in time, it is not valid as regards his or her family that has always loved this person unconditionally. One may change for the worst, yet there are still people who give love and understanding to this individual even when he or she pretends not to need them. It is a sad reality that people often turn their back away from their families when they have achieved their goals, found happiness and contentment in other beliefs, or when greed and envy have eaten them up from inside. Despite these changes, a mother and a father will always have a space in their hearts for their children who had the courage to stand up on their own and live the lives that they want. It is painful for parents when they see their children go astray. The pain that they feel is not brought about by disappoinment or hate. This feeling of pain is brought about by the affection and love that parents have for their children. No parent would want to see their children suffer or get hurt, and this is a valid statement not only as regards the parents-children relationship but also as regards grandparents-grandchildren or uncles/aunts-nephews/nieces relationships. However, as Senna states, â€Å"†¦the differences between us were real and alive, and they threatened to squelch our fragile connection† (16). The first step in accepting one’s differences, especially in a family, is to acknowledge the difference and make amends. It may not b e an easy thing to make amends with people with whom one has differences, especially when it comes to the delicate topics like religious and political beliefs. One may be discriminated by the society due to his or her differences. However, the most painful circumstances would be when a person is being alienated by his or her own family. This is not to blame the families for the shortcomings or the outrageous actions of an individual. It is just an attempt to trace why such events occurred. A part of accepting the difference is to know where and how it started within

International Business - Starbucks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International Business - Starbucks - Essay Example This has been the key reason, according to the case study, that managers in Starbucks decided to use alternative internationalization strategies that could protect the firm’s interests more effectively. The inappropriateness of licensing, as the core internationalization strategy of Starbucks, can be understood by referring to the characteristics of licensing. Licensing, as a strategy for expanding internationally, can offer a series of advantages. In fact, licensing is considered as one of the most popular internationalization strategies (Czinkota et al. 2009). In the context of licensing ‘a party can uses intellectual property of another party paying compensation in the form of royalty’ (Czinkota et al. 2009, p.244). The intellectual property the use of which can be allowed to third parties, under compensation, can vary, incorporating ‘patents, trademarks and business skills’ (Czinkota et al. 2009, p.244). In general, licensing has related to the fo llowing benefits: there is no need for capital investment, compared to other internationalization agreements (Czinkota et al. 2009). ... The licensing agreement is considered as an ideal strategy for testing foreign markets as of their potential to offer high profits (Cherunilam 2010). After testing a foreign market using the licensing agreement the licensor may decide to proceed to a full-entry in the particular market, in case that prospects for high growth are identified (Cherunilam 2010). In other words, the licensing agreement can be used as a means for checking a market’s prospects in regard to a specific product/ services before proceeding to the further promotion of this product/ service in the particular market (Stonehouse et al. 2007). Managers in Starbucks probably used initially the licensing agreement as a first tool for checking the perspectives of markets worldwide. It seems that the firm would prefer to avoid investing funds on internationalization agreements in regard to markets the potentials of which were unknown. After testing these markets, the firm’s managers were ready to proceed t o the next phase, i.e. to develop internationalization strategies that could offer full control over the firm’s intellectual property. At this point, reference should be made to the following fact: the company had used licensing only in Asia, probably aiming to explore the local markets’ potentials in terms of the firm’s products. In Canada, the expansion of the firm was arranged differently: the owners of Starbucks bought the stores in Canada so that a full control is secured. Of course, the use, directly, of another internationalization strategy in Canada was feasible, since the firm’s owners could have a better view of the particular market’s prospects, meaning that there was no need for testing the Canadian market in regard to its responses to

Dancom in Russia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dancom in Russia - Essay Example If they had been equals, administration would not have been easy. MNCs carefully avoid behaving like overlords and expect cooperation from native workers. Western countries, who were impressively successful in imperialism, had been unable to attain same level of achievement here while dealing with cultural syndromes. The provided case study of Dancom operating from Russia is an eye-opener, a situation in crying need of cross-cultural management. Study gives importance to the Russian voices of dissent heard in a Danish company. Russian workers, especially middle managers, who are 'united against headquarters in Denmark,' do not feel loyal for their company belonging to Danes. Problem of languages, lack of frequent/meaningful communication, poor and misguided interpretation, and isolated decision making with very little trust on the integrity and cleverness of Russians are the issues nagging this company. Another complex question is of insiders and outsiders, hosting insiders and hosting outsiders. Looking from Danish angle as the company belonged to them, Russians are workers from another dense culture, that too, ex-communists. From Russian point of view, overbearing Danish company is operating from Russian soil, and this should make Russians main players. There is a major difference in planning between Danish (long term activity, hence, important) and Russians (a short immediate task, not much to be bothered about), while Russians feel that Danes should have more trust in the knowledge and experience of Russian middle managers. What brings the differences other than culture, language and working pattern and natural bias How to reduce cross-cultural conflicts It had been a major challenge to Dancom. Russians are more tuned to the 'one authority' ordering, being under Communist rule for decades and Danes, being capitalistic in their approach, are more decentralised in their handling, even though they depend mainly on themselves. Years of mutual mistrust and prejudice about the other's capability (mainly due to political propaganda fed during days of Cold War) cannot be wiped out at one go. It takes time to develop trust, respect and mutual understanding and such an effort could be made through cross-cultural management. As a solution, cross-cultural relationships should be trusted and developed. Communication and co-ordination have to be developed. It is imperative to find out how Russians perceive themselves and this might be the key to many stagnating questions. Lamenting on not having research results, Jonson and Cullen argue: "Research on trust and its role in exchange has proliferated since the 1990s. However despite the insights offered by scholars, we do not yet have a generalizable and comprehensive model of trust in exchange," Jonson and Cullen in Gannon (2002, p.335). They hope to have much more research on the dynamics of trust, culture's role in the bases and evolution of trust and on business ethics across cultures. There are issues which showcase Danish approach being different from

Judicial System and Application of Criminal Responsibility Essay

Judicial System and Application of Criminal Responsibility - Essay Example The main role of any judicial system is to mitigate crime, provide social control, and impose sanctions to violators of the law and to rehabilitates individuals who have violated the law. Germany Criminal Justice system The Germany criminal justice system is one of the most elaborate systems in the world due to the proper structure and the eloquent due process. The German police are the first line contact with crimes happening on the ground. Additionally, their main mandate is to detect, conduct investigations and arrest lawbreakers. After the police have made an arrest, they proceed to register the crime and embark on thorough investigations. However, in other cases, the police can conduct undercover investigation in order to detect criminal activities and gather sufficient evidence for prosecution purposes. Additionally, when they find sufficient evidence, then they hand over the case to the public prosecutions officer who is has the mandate of prosecuting the suspect on behalf of the public (Miller & Gaines, 2011). However, the prosecution must have a high degree of specificity in order to prosecute an individual according to the German laws. Additionally, the matter must be an offense against the public interest. However, when the nature of crime is minor and the prosecutor sees no ground of public prosecution, then the penal sanctions are applied that may include fines. The prosecutor can go ahead and prosecute an offender, when the crime is against the public and has sufficient evidence. However, the courts will commence proceedings after thoroughly examining the charges, the nature of crime and the degree of seriousness (Hess, Orthmann & Cho, 2012). When an individual commits a crime for instance robbery, the police conduct an intensive investigation regarding the crime before they register it and forward it to the public prosecutions officer who then evaluates the case against the evidence in order to forward it to court for proceedings to commence. How ever, the crime must cause significant harm to the public for instance robbery causes harm to the victims. When the public prosecutor forwards the case to court, the court examines the case against the evidence that the public prosecutions officer puts forward in order to establish grounds for commencing proceedings otherwise without sufficient evidence and legal grounds the court throws out the case (Cole & Smith, 2008). The public prosecutor has to follow the due process model to the letter in order to achieve successful prosecution. The first court that majorly deals with criminal cases has one professional judge specialized in criminal cases and two other lay judges. Similarly, a higher court consists of three professional judges and two other lay judges. When an individual is arraigned in court with charges of robbery, then the case may take two major directions, they court may terminate the proceeding on grounds of insufficient evidence or the case may proceed if the court est ablishes grounds for the case. At this point, the defendant may be sentenced to imprisonment if found guilty. The main aim of the German Judicial process is to reform the individual, protect the public from such criminal offences that the individual may commit. Additionally, the

Organizing Function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizing Function - Essay Example In this the firm has to handle five areas namely, division of labour, departmentalization, establishing span of control and delegation, (Boone 2005). Within division of labour else called work specialization, the manager tries to match the work demands with the skills, knowledge and experience of the employee. Division of labour is more effective when the most qualified employer by means of skill level and experience is assigned a given task. The more compatible a worker is to the work process requirements, the greater the extent of possible specialization. In departmentalization, the manager seeks to group employees or jobs into manageable entities. This can be done in five ways, (Plunkett et al (2005). Functional departmentalization is done according to the nature of activities in the department. Product departmentalization brings together all the functions necessary for successful production and distribution of a particular product. Process departmentalization is based on the cycles that a product goes through. The cycles determine the department. Geographical departmentalization uses zones to create a department e.g. ... Customer departmentalization is defined by possession of a shared set of characteristics like the mental hospitals as a source of clients for an establishment working with mentally retarded persons. Span or control means the manager defines the extent to which the chains of command run and the limit in number of employees within one line of production or level of command. One employee ought to be accountable to only one supervisor, in what is called the unity of command. In the scalar principle, the line of authority should be clearly outlined for each worker. The manager is also concerned about delegation, which is the transferring of tasks and responsibilities and the issuing of authority commensurate to the tasks assigned to subordinates. This improves the flexibility of operations meaning the organization is better able to address the needs of its clients, (Boone 2005) In organizing, the manager is also concerned with knowledge management, which is the ability to organize and control gathered information within an organization. A manager gathers information from various sources. He empowers his team to be able to use the available information to better the organization that way the team can be said to have for knowledge (the capacity of people or groups or organizations to act on information). Opportunities, threats strengths and weaknesses of an organization can best be addressed only in the event that the organization is able to use information available. The process involves a conscious effort to use the information. For the information to be useful to the organization however, it has to be accurate, reliable and up to date. This can be said to an organization's intellectual

Narrative Essay Example Essay Example for Free

Narrative Essay Example Essay Have you ever been in one of those never ending conversations? The ones where the speaker goes on and on for ages about a topic that you do not understand and could care even less about? Have you ever felt like a joke went straight over your head or that you were missing something as you struggled to find the context in a conversation? That is an everyday occurrence for people like me, affectionately called Aspies: people who have what is known as Asperger’s Syndrome. Since being diagnosed with this, everyone who has been aware of it has felt the need to make some sort of accommodation for my ‘disability. ’ A diagnosis that society feels I need because I think differently than the rest. How does society define you? I have spent my entire life trying to prove that our labels do not matter in comparison to our contributions to society. Aspies are very socially awkward. We cannot read non-verbal cues, societal niceties are often thought strange and hard to grasp, and we tend to be more than a little introverted. I have a very ‘mild’ case. No, I cannot read social cues. Yes, society’s unwritten rules drive me crazy. Absolutely, I would prefer to be alone or with a small select group of people. However, none of these characteristics define me. One characteristic of Aspies is that we often have a specialized and intense interest in something. My obsession is Star Trek, particularly the alternate reality movie series starring Chris Pine, Zachary Quinto, Zoe Saldana, Simon Pegg, and Karl Urban. I once heard someone equate people with Asperger’s to the Vulcan race from Star Trek. It is quite a fitting description. Vulcans are typically calm, rational, and even keeled people, but lord help you if you manage to anger one. They do not like to be touched and have a ‘muted’ sense of their own, and others, emotions (although in truth both are so sensitive that we have to shut off our empathy in order to function). Spock, the most commonly known Vulcan, exhibits this range of emotions in the JJ Abrams 2009 Star Trek remake movie. He is coolly rational, even as his planet is destroyed, but becomes near homicidal after Kirk starts throwing disparaging comments about his mother. Even so Captain Kirk and Mr. Spock are two-thirds of a trio that has gone down in pop culture legend along with the ever snarky Dr. McCoy. The Freudian trio that everyone so loves shows that there needs to be a balance of personalities which in the case of Star Trek, as in so many others, is the cold and logical (Spock), the emotional and humanistic (McCoy), and the rational and intuitive (Kirk). There are so many labels that get thrown on people throughout their lifetime; jarhead, slut, and geek just to name a few. Not many people strictly fit in to just the one singular box to which society relegates us. Really, who wants to fit in just one category? Every person is, as my friend Marilyn would say, a unique and beautiful snowflake. Having Asperger’s certainly qualifies me as a ‘special snowflake’, but there are some drawbacks. One of those is that we find it incredibly difficult to discuss our personal lives and often the only people who are aware of our personal thoughts and feelings are those who are in our close inner circle. One of my inner circle in high school was a girl named Jules. She was, without a doubt, the poster child for the school. She was beautiful, the head cheerleader who competed in beauty pageants and was the prom princess. It would have been so easy for her to have been content with being well loved by the community just because she was pretty and popular. Jules was not like that though. She was the vice president of our class three years running. She graduated a mere . 0002 from being the salutatorian. She was involved in the student community service club and the school’s religious advocacy team. Jules could have been content with her place as a cheerleader in the status quo, but she chose to defy society’s expectations of her. Within those societal labels is one of the most interesting phenomena; the labels are so generalized. Take for instance the geek or nerd box. It is a label that I accept as one of the closest fit for identifying me because I love to read, can quote passages of Harry Potter on a whim, and spend entirely too much of my time on FanFiction, just to name of few of my personal quirks. There are so many different ways that people are relegated to this outlier corner. Trekkies, Whovians, people who like anime and manga, movie nerds, and people who love working with technology are just small portion of the different kinds of people that are defined as a nerd. The labels that limit us so much do not even completely define us. They do not fully describe who we are as people or give full insight into our personalities. In my lifetime some of the most extroverted, party-hard people were nerds and some of the quietest and shy were cheerleaders. Bringing us full circle, I am an Aspie. However, I have gotten better with time and a little coaching at understanding social cues. I understand that the rant that I have been going on for the last three pages probably does not interest you. You have done the exact same things before. You have gone on and on about something that you are passionate about without regard for the interest level of those around you. I could go on for hours, yet sometimes being concise is better. I doubt there are many people who have not at least heard of The Breakfast Club. Its last remarks so poignantly drives the concept home: Brian Johnson: You see us as you want to see us In the simplest terms, in the most convenient definitions. But what we found out is that each one of us is a brain Andrew Clark: and an athlete Allison Reynolds: and a basket case Claire Standish: a princess John Bender: and a criminal Brian Johnson: Does that answer your question? Sincerely yours, the Breakfast Club. To you, who, whatever box you may have been stuck in or maybe even embraced all on your own, remember labels are just for cans of soup. The Breakfast Club. Dir. John Hughes. Perf. Emilio Estevez, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringwald. 1985. Universal, 2003. DVD.

Role And Importance Of Operations Management

Role And Importance Of Operations Management Operations Management is very important for managing large firms and running them successfully. Operation management is mainly related to production of goods and services in an organisation. The main purpose of the operations management is to run the business operations successfully, smoothly and effectively by using the minimum resources and meeting customer expectations. Thus we can say that operations management is the process of converting minimum input like raw materials, labour to produce maximum output like products, goods and services. Operations Management is very crucial factor in order to increase companys profit. Operations management is not only responsible for producing goods but also take control of distribution of services. Operation management is just not related to organizations it can be seen in our daily activities of life also. The following quotation explains how operations management is found in our daily life Operations management is about the way organizations produce goods and services. Everything you wear, eat, sit on, use, read or knock about on the sports field comes to you courtesy of the operations managers who organized its production. Every book you borrow from the library, every treatment you receive at the hospital, every service you expect in the shops and every lecture you attend at university all have been produced. (Slack et al, 1995) Some examples of operation management can be like A carpenter who uses a piece of wood , cuts and planes it, and then polishes it to produce a piece of furniture When u want to book a holiday a tourist operator finds and provide information to you and helps by giving advices on places to visit and stay. ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF OPERATIONS MANGEMENT IN AN ORGANIZATION Operations management plays a very crucial role in organisations as they produce professional managers which are capable of achieving organisations strategic goals in a defined period of time. Operations management is the heart of any organization as it controls the whole operation system of the organization. Operations management handles issues like design, operation, and maintenance and improvement of the systems used to produce companys vital products and services. Operations management has clear management responsibilities like in marketing and finance. Operations management is very necessary in an organisation to manage the activities. With the help of Operations management an organisation is able to make good use of their resources like human labour and inputs are used as required. Operations management helps an organization to achieve its main goal of making profit and maximising its shareholders through its activities. Cost of production is reduced to ensure that tangible and intangible assets are not over stretched or wasted in an organisation. Organisations make good use of its product and services management through Operations management. Product management includes a wide range of activities starting from the point when a new idea for the product is developed to eventually provide customer support to those who have purchased the product. Every organisation conducts product management no matter it is done intentionally or unintentionally. Another important aspect of Operations management is quality management. Every organisation is very much concerned about the products which are manufactured or developed for the customers in the market. Quality management is very important to have efficient operations management, mainly if it is for continuous improvement in order to go with the consumers taste and preferences. Lately benchmarking and quality management, outsourcing and reengineering has taken operations management to an advanced level to produce high quality. Adoption of reengineering and benchmarking by the organisation helps them to be a leader in their category of products in the market. Benchmarking is considered as the best internal auditing process which the company uses to identify its weaknesses and then converting them into strength in order to increase its customers in the market. One cannot think of Operations management in an organisation without Management control and Coordinating function. Management control and coordination includes different types of activities to make sure that the companys goals are constantly being met in an effective and efficient way. Organizations mainly make use of organizational coordination and control in order to adopt a systematic approach to figure out if it is actually doing what it wanted to be doing or not. Some of the major approaches to the companys organizational control and coordination include product evaluation, product distribution, advertising and promotion, sales and service and product development. Organizations use advertisements as a most important instrument to reach the customer and reorient the awareness of customers about its products. In this fast expanding and competitive marketplace, the company make certain that its products and services are significantly in the minds of their customers and clients. Thi s takes place as a result of ongoing advertising and promotion by the organization. Facilities management is also a necessary function and is of great importance in operations management. Effective operations management in the companys activities highly depends on a great deal of effective management of facilities, such as buildings, computer systems, signage, lighting and plants and machinery. In a situation of high demand which could call for higher or mass production, facilities needs to be managed in producing large quantities of products which must be standardized to meet the market demand at specific period. Well managed facilities like plants and machinery in the company help in production speed, lower per unit cost, ease of manufacture and control and the efficiency in the companys production process Task 19.1.b The strategic objectives of Toyota are Profit Quality and Innovation Image and reputation Social issues Satisfying customers Market power Survival SWOT ANALYSIS OF TOYOTA A SWOT analysis is a simple but widely used tool that helps in understanding the strengths , weakness , opportunities and threats involved in a project or business activity. It starts by defining the objective of the project or business activity and identifies the internal and external factors that are important in order to achieve the objective. Internal factors can be divided into strengths and weakness and opportunities and threats can be identified as external . STRENGTHS Toyota is the worlds largest automobile maker by sales. Toyota also owns and operates Lexus and Scion brands and has a majority shareholding stake in Daihatsu and Hino motors. Toyota also provides financial services through its Toyota Financial Services and also builds robots. Toyota Motor Corporation (including Toyota Financial Services) and Toyota Industries form the bulk of the Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerates in the world. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ OPPURTUNITIES Should increase their shareholdings in Fuji Heavy industries, Isuzu Motors , Yamaha motors, and Mitsubishi Aircraft Corporation WEAKNESS On May 8, 2009, Toyota reported a record annual net loss of US$4.2 billion, making it the latest automobile maker to be severely affected by the 2007-2010 financial crisis Manufacturers need to make sure that it is their models that consumers want versus competitors. Sales has been affected by the financial crisis Failure of Toyota production system based on the current recalls. Company needs to cautiously keep producing cars in order to retain its operational efficiency, especially in the case of the Prius, which the case study states that it needs reprogramming of its Abs system. THREATS In January 2010, Toyota announced it was recalling up to 1.8 million cars across Europe, including about 220,000 in the UK, following problems with defective accelerator pedals Many Toyota models were involved, covering the 2007-2010 model years. Toyota subsequently recalled the Prius model for reprogramming of its ABS system. The U.S. Sales Chief, James Lentz, was questioned by the United States Congress committees on Oversight and Investigations on February 23, 2010, as a result of recent recalls On 6 April 2010, The US government sought a record penalty of US$16.375 million from Toyota for its delayed response in notifying the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration regarding the defective accelerator pedals The company said the recalls could cost the company up to US$2 billion (GB £1.25 billion) in lost output and sales TASK 19.1.C A company main aim should be to satisfy its customers requirements for fast and dependable services at reasonable price, as well as helping its own suppliers to improve services they offer. There are five basic performance objectives and they apply to all types of operation: Quality Speed Dependability Flexibility Cost (Slack, N. et al, 2001). These operations performance objectives are analysed here in accordance to Toyota. Toyotas record has been successful all around the world as it has been chosen by different market research and analysis for the car of the year for many years. Toyotas success went on growing because of the high quality which thereby leads to the largest maker of the automobiles based on the sales throughout the world. Toyota have also produced cars which are of better qualities which are suspended and do not release unlikeable smoke. For example more than 40 emission- managing systems and equipments which has enhanced passenger car protections. (Ahmed, A., 2003,). Another main task is speed which signifies to reduce the time between the instruction and accessibility of the product and services which thereby leads to the speed benefits for the customers.Toyota performance is focused on tasks by using small and simple machines which reduce complications which are flexible and vigorous. By rescheduling the plans and the stream to improve simplicity and the swiftness of manufacturing. In the late 1980s, it is reflected in the statistics that the productivity per employee compared to the US and European plants is as much as two or three times higher than them. The third presentation aim is dependability which means completing the tasks in time for the customers so that they receive their merchandise and services on the date and time as been promised. The Just -in-Time (JIT) production system allows the engineers to deliver products of highest quality through their Kanban control system. Toyota needs to improve its efficiency and quality as it is important for managers, technicians and employees and b doing this customers will feel more reliable about the products of the Toyota. A clear result of responding to a dynamic environment is that organisation change their products and services and changes the way they do business. This performance objective is known as flexibility. (Peters, T., 1998) argues that we must learn to love change and develop flexible and responsive organizations to cope with the dynamic business environment. In the Toyota plant it means the ability to adopt its manufacturing resources so that it can launch new models. The coursework analyses that, Toyota was able to achieve high level of flexibility, producing relatively small batches of different models with little or no loss of productivity or quality. Toyota during the years has provided a range of options that customers are able to choose. One major operations objective, especially where companies compete with prices is cost. Low price is a universal attractive objective to customers, which can be achieved by producing goods at lower costs. In order to do things cheaply, Toyota seek to influence the cost of goods and services, so for the future Toyota has planned to shift their production of multipurpose vehicles and pick-up trucks on different countries around the world (e.g. Argentina, South Africa). Also, internally, cost performance is helped by good performance in the other performance objectives that Toyota has managed to produce high quality vehicles at a reasonable prices. By using and improving quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost operations performance, TMC has seen a global growth and high percentage of customer satisfaction. Because of the success of these operation performance objectives Japanese style (Toyotism) of manufacturing and product developments has come to be studied and emulated around the world . TMC is world leader in supply chain management, and to keep its production at the high quality, maximum speed, on time delivery, flexibility and at the lowest cost TMC works with its suppliers to make sure that they are also the best suppliers in the industry. Shifting its operation in different countries searching for cheap inputs (row material and labour) makes it easier to produce products at a lower cost and good quality. Operating continentally also gives dependability advantage to its customers by making it easy to deliver its production in the market place. Using these operation performance objectives TMC has managed to k eep its customers happy and compete successfully with others companies in global market. Task 19.2.a Toyota uses lean manufacturing system to produce continuous goods and services. Tools like just in time, cellular manufacturing, total productive maintenance, single minute exchange of dies. Lean manufacturing system came into Japan after World War II when they were run out of material, financial and human resources. This system is also known as Toyota Production System which is now recognized all over the world. The basic ideas behind lean manufacturing system are waste elimination, cost reduction, and employee empowerment. Employee empowerment of Toyota can be seen through the fact that the company employs approximately 320,000 people worldwide. The lean manufacturing system aims to work in every aspect of the value stream by eliminating waste in order to reduce cost, generate capital and bring in more sales and remain in competitive in a growing global market which can be seen through the fact that Toyota is the largest automobile maker by sales. Task 19.2.b As defined by the Praxiom Research Group, an audit is an evidence gathering process. The main purpose of the Quality Audit is to establish maximum evidence in order to find out whether or not the company is in control of its processes and documents. This kind of evidence is collected through observations, interviews, and requests for documentation. Full training is provided to auditors so they can exactly find out if corporate quality management systems are in compliance with preset standards. Toyotas recall problems indicate that there has been a general quality defect because of poor decision making and supply chain management. In my view Toyota should have third part audit which is done by an external because I think as company has some malfunction in their production system so it is better if a professional agency do their audit so next time there should be no flaws in the models which are going to be developed and it can be assured that the raw materials and products which are m anufactured are safe. Task 19.2.c Quality culture generally means inclusion of quality in the overall system of an organization which creates a positive internal environment and provides guarantee customer satisfaction. A good decision making at all levels of management is very necessary for maintaining such quality culture in the organization which can be attained by self realization at the top level or by trainings and workshops or following of benchmark organizations. Toyotas quality culture is to produce best products in the very first attempt. Innovation also forms a very important part of quality culture in Toyota and meet challenges with courage and creativity for the continuous improvement. Customer satisfaction is also a very important aspect of quality culture in Toyota. Another important aspect of the quality culture is keeping track of consumer complaints and analysing them for quick fix. In my view Toyota should not compromise with quality of their product and give growth more importance over quality. In a run to make more products they are not giving 100% in the manufacturing of their products. In order to achieve their growth targets and to become the worlds largest automotive manufacturer Toyota lost sight of the key values that gave company the reputation in the first place. Task 19.3.a Toyota Motors Corporation all throughout its history from Kaizen to Toyota Production System to further Kaizen has strived not only to maintain its current market position, but to improve it as well. The engineers should make sure that they make best products in the very first attempt. The organisation should not make haste in manufacturing the products just in order to increase the growth. Task 19.3.b In Toyota Motors Corporations 2008 Annual report, the company said that As the automobile industry faces a turning point in its history, Toyota aims to achieve sustainable growth by building a more flexible and stronger corporate structure to meet the challenges ahead (p. 1). The real question remains. That is, what specific strategies shall Toyota adopts in order to build a more flexible and stronger corporate structure when time and business environment dictate that its Kaizen, Further Kaizen, and Toyota Production System are no longer enough for the current and future demands of the marketplace? Blue Ocean Strategy In the preface of their book, Blue Ocean Strategy, W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne, succinctly wrote that there are no permanently excellent companies, just as there are no permanently excellent industries (2005, p. x). Hence, no matter how successful Toyota Motors Corporation is over its 70 years existence does not guarantee the same success in the next 70 years. The authors, therefore, proposed a new management theory blue ocean strategy. The Blue Ocean Strategy is, according to Kim and Mauborgne, Blue ocean strategy challenges companies to break out of the red ocean of bloody competition by creating uncontested market space that makes the competition irrelevant. Instead of dividing up existing-and often shrinking-demand and benchmarking competitors, blue ocean strategy is about growing demand and breaking away from the competition (2008, p. x) The most startling conclusion of the blue ocean strategy is well depicted by the authors conclusion on Cirque du Soleils circumstances: the circus company succeeded because it realized that to win in the future, companies must stop competing with each other (Kim Mauborgne 2005, p. 4). In Toyotas history it is clear that its management has not arrived at the same conclusion. This can be ascertained from the Chairmans, Fujio Cho, message in Toyota Motors Corporations 2008 Annual Report: Toyota aims to achieve sustained, long-term growth by providing high-quality vehicles to people everywhere, and by contributing to the realization of a bountiful and nurturing society (2008, p. 6). What is not aligned with the blue ocean strategy in this phrase is that every other automobile company Ford, GM, Honda, etc. are also saying the same thing or the likes of it. Clearly this strategy is not going to work in the long run at all if Toyota wants to remain as one of the top ten in Fortune Global 500. In contrast, the blue ocean strategy goes out of just mere providing high-quality vehicles which are what everyone else is providing. As shown in the figure below blue oceans have the most impact on profit though least impact on revenue compared to red oceans. Figure 1 Blue Oceans vs. Red Oceans Source: Kim Mauborgne 2005, p. 7 The changing environments as presented by Toyota in its presentation for its financial results for 2008 and as discussed in the earlier part of this paper, and as outlined by the Blue Ocean Strategy presents several driving forces behind a rising imperative to create blue oceans (Kim Mauborgne 2005, p. 8). These driving forces, unfortunately, will not disappear, hence Toyota must act now and create its own undisputed market in the automobile industry. To fully realize the benefits of the blue ocean strategy a strategy canvas must be created. The canvas is the central diagnostic and action framework for building a compelling blue ocean strategy (Blue Ocean Strategy 2008). Total customer experience is now the new differentiator (Mascarenhas, Kesavan Bernacchi 2006, p. 397) which is exactly the point in the blue ocean strategy. Toyota Motors Corporation, in its current and future business environment, must deliver total customer experience. However, there is a need for care in interpreting each customers total experience: Obviously, by definition, TCE is customer-dependent and hence, is different for each customer. Compared with service outlets such as restaurants, hotels or banks, there is potential for great diversity in customer experience, because the customer may seek a wide variety of different services or products. Each stage of this consumption-journey involves an experience that the provider must try to optimize and the customer must [capitalize] (Mascarenhas, Kesavan Bernacchi 2006, p. 415). The key therefore is to attain an accurate understanding. Task 19.3.c More than ever, the human resource strategies, objective, systems and processes of the organization must be integrated and synchronized with the overall Toyota Motors Corporations strategies, objective, systems and processes and the rest of the organization. Human resource as one of the key success factors in implementing the blue ocean strategy must be able to support and not detract the company from it. Hence, the personnel selection, training and development, and performance appraisal processes should be seamlessly integrated into the whole organizational structure ad systems to ensure that all these systems are working towards the same goal: creating uncontested market space and making the competition irrelevant. Mondy Noe defined recruitment as the process of attracting individuals on a timely basis, in sufficient numbers, and with appropriate qualifications, and encouraging them to apply for jobs with an [organization] (2005, p. 199). The objective of the selection process for any type of [organization] is selecting the best individual suited for a particular position and the organization (Mondy Noe, 2005, p. 162). Hence, for TMC the goal of the organizations selection process should be selecting the best individual suited for the vacant position and have the necessary capability to help the company in its quest in making the competition irrelevant. On the other hand, the performance appraisal system is a formal system of review and evaluation of individual or team task performance (Mondy Noe, 2005, p. 252) to determine who should be promoted, demoted, transferred, or terminated (Anthony, Kacmar Perrewe, 2002, p. 354). Several of the factors that affect the effectiveness of an appraisal system are job-related criteria, performance expectations, standardization, trained appraisers, continuous open communication, performance reviews, and due process (Mondy Noe, 2005, pp. 270-272). Managing employee performance is one of the more difficult and complex activities within an organization. Unlike the other resources of a business, the human resource is not very easy to control: people think and act accordingly. Anthony, Kacmar Perrewe wrote that an effective performance appraisal system are not only tools for evaluating the work of employees but also for developing and motivating employees (2002, p. 351). These benefits are central to why the performance appraisal system was developed in organizations: employees need to be motivated and developed in order to perform their jobs effectively and efficiently. Furthermore, the appraisal system of a company can also be used to determine who needs formal training and development opportunities (Anthony, Kacmar Perrewe, 2002, p. 354). In the end, all of these will result to a better equipped human resource. Hence, for Toyota Motors Corporation its performance appraisal system must be redesigned to fit the blue ocean strategy of the company. As a vital component in motivating its employees, the human resource performance appraisal system of TMC should not operate in a vacuum, rather it must support the goal of developing organizational competencies to make the competition irrelevant. What had Toyota Motors Corporation done for its worldwide human resource management is admirable it developed HRM practices to sustain the Toyota Production System (Winfield 1994, p. 41). However, today it is no longer enough. It is time that Toyota models its human resource management practices to sustain the blue ocean strategy. The researcher believes that TPS is a component of blue ocean strategy; hence it should not be the end goal in designing the companys human resource management system and its other systems. The four goals as promoted by the companys existing human resource management practices are employee commitment, workforce flexibility and adaptability, quality (Winfield 1994, p. 50) in the blue ocean strategy perspective are only several of the factors needed in creating an uncontestable market as opposed to the current practice (these four goals are the main goals). Task 19.3.d As competition become more and more intense, companies such as Toyota Motors Corporation which are leaders in their industries can not afford to become complacent. Rather they must again pioneer developments in their fields. These companies have to integrate all their resources, use these resources efficiently and effectively to attain organizational goals. As the workforce becomes varied and as competition within industries becomes more intense, the need to effectively and efficiently manage human resources to gain, develop and sustain competitive advantages is becoming more important. In integrating the blue ocean strategy to its overall strategy, Toyota Motors Corporation must not forget that the most important factor in order for such strategy to succeed is its human resource.

Education and Globalization

Education and Globalization Globalization brings many changes to peoples lives all over the world. There are several definitions of globalization however the Merriam-Webster meaning is as follows. Globalization is the process by which businesses and other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale. From shifting social norms around the globe to changing how countries do business, technological advances, and intensifying competition in the workforce, as well as, the educational field; effects of globalization are everywhere and far reaching (Carnoy, 2002). Globalization effects education all over the world. For example, due to intricate technological advances many jobs have been digitized. This means that the skill set thats required for jobs have changed dramatically. Subsequently, jobs that could once be sustained by someone with a high school diploma or less have disappeared. These global and economic changes cause shifts in the job market and are essentially changing what is needed from the education system. We now need to prepare students for jobs that require different skill sets. Employees must now be knowledgeable on foreign languages, cultures, and overall way of business to be successful in their career. For the most part the United States has been a leader in education compared to other countries. Being the first country to achieve mass collegiate education, the United States of America always had the highest number of qualified people in its labor force. This is how the American economy was able to thrive and take advantage of the global market. But does this globalization led to development or division in education? (Welch Mok, 2003) Well, in recent years countries around the world have refocused on expanding education, many of the smaller, more impoverished countries actually working together to do so. Since graduating high school is now the standard in most countries, many are now setting goals to increase the number of college attendees even working with the United Nations to provide education for all countries! Although the United States has a greater number of older workers that are well educated, many other countries have a greater number of young workers with college degrees. Nonetheless, with more high school graduates chasing college degrees and older people pursuing higher education after so many years of being out of school; this is changing too. People of all ages are pursuing higher education all over the world and with education standards changing as well, we are truly living in an era like never before. We are all preparing for an interconnected world that globalization has brought to us and education is just one small stepping stone for the high skill economy of the future (Young 1998, Brown et al. 2001). The growing importance of education is more than wanting our citizens to be smart. Countries are wanting their citizens to get educated in order to build for a future in which we are one global citizen class that works together economically and otherwise to grow our countries. This can help with foreign policy and international business transactions and trades. To be knowledgeable of a certain country is to be more accepting and understanding of said countries culture and beliefs. Appearing welcoming and friendly to different cultures will attract investments from foreign countries. This will boost the countrys economy (see OECD 1998, Campbell 2000). With a larger economy a countries revenue with increase and strengthen the country (ideally). This is another reason why the quality of education is so important. While education systems all over the world are working on improving and developing new ways to teach people; there is another way people are gaining more and more knowledge in today society. The internet. Not only is the use of computers and the internet now more common in the classroom it has also grown more common in everyday life (Martin Carnoy, 1999, pp.15-17). By using the internet society has access to different kinds of information instantaneously. This makes gaining knowledge for students as well as non-students easier and faster than ever before. This is great when used as a means for students struggling to comprehend course material or certain concepts, but with such a wide variety of information available, and it is important learners are able to distinguish between dependable and untrustworthy resources. However for countries such as China or Iran who have limited to no access online; this can make a learning different concepts or gaining certain knowledge difficult becau se their governments often block or edit information. Therefore citizens of those countries or countries similar may actually have a skewed since of the truth because not all information is given to them. In a way this widens the gap between the education progress of a developed country and an underdeveloped country/country who may be banned from viewing certain material. With technological advances making their way all around the globe (globalization), eventually all countries will have access to any information they desire. Globalization is a powerful and important process that influences economies, education systems, politics, and even social customs. With a growing sense of oneness; or we are all global citizens in one world outlooks, globalizations positive and increasing impact on education and societies growing desire to become more educated is obvious. REFERENCES Globalization. (n.d.). Retrieved March 22, 2017, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/globalization Lloyd, C., Payne, J. (2003). The political economy of skill and the limits of educational policy. Journal of Educational Policy, 18(1), 85-107. Pang. N. S. (2013). Globalization in the one world: Impacts on education in different nations. BCES Conference Proceedings, 11, 17-27. Suarez-Orozco, M. (2007).Learning in the global era: International perspectives on globalization and education. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, Ltd.

Human Rights Violations of Chinas One Child Policy Essay -- Chinas

Abstract The purpose of this research is to highlight to what extent government policy has violated the human rights of women in China. Government policy is important to the organization of countries. Government policies work to aid in political, economic, and social issues that can become detrimental to the function of a country. Flourishing government policies prove to be efficient and effective when implementation is deemed successful. The One Child Policy proved to be successful in reducing population size. As past policy rules have now been eased, family planning officials in the region have begun drafting less strict family planning protocols. Though it has proved to be a successful policy in curbing population growth, the One Child Policy targeted women of China. A review of government policy, and its affect on the female population shows a link in population policy and its discrimination towards women. Although China reduced the stipulations of its One Child Policy, the enforcement of this policy has impeded the natural human rights of women due to the imposition of restricted childbirth. Introduction Following a thirty five year policy which was geared towards improving economic and social concerns within the region, the Peoples Republic of China has begun to facilitate its family planning regulations. Prior to the establishment of China’s population policy, the population experienced massive increases and decreases of its magnitude. Consequences of civil and global wars before 1949 led to high death rates in the country. As country conflict came to an end, and new leadership, population growth was greatly encouraged by Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong. During this time, the size of Chinas population grew subs... ...ssed May 1, 2014). †¢ UN General Assembly, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 10 December 1948, 217 A (III), available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3712c.html [accessed 9 March 2014] †¢ "What are Human Rights." What are Human Rights. http://www.ohchr.org/en/issues/pages/whatarehumanrights.aspx (accessed April 29, 2014). †¢ World Bank. (2014). Fertility rates, total (births per woman) Data retrieved May 1, 2014, from World Databank: World Development Indicators †¢ Yang, Dennis Tao. 2008. China's agricultural crisis and famine of 1959-1961: A survey and comparison to soviet famines. Comparative Economic Studies 50, no. 1: 1-29, http://search.proquest.com/docview/201687756?accountid=15070. †¢ Yu, Jiangxia and Jingwei Liu. 2009. The new biopolitics. Journal of Academic Ethics 7, no. 4: 287-296, http://search.proquest.com/docview/521178676?accountid=15070.

DaVinci code Essay -- essays research papers

The Da Vinci Code By Dan Brown   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For my book report I read The Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown. The Da Vinci Code has one main character and many supporting characters. The main character is Robert Langdon, a Harvard symbologist and professor. He is a tall American with coarse black hair and blue eyes. He is very intellectual and very modest. He is a quick thinker under pressure and doesn?t give up easily. He is careful with his words.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most important supporting character is Sophie Neveu. She is a cryptologist the and granddaughter of Jacques Sauniere, the murder victim. She has blond hair and green eyes and is French. She is very independent and commanding. She is also very intellectual, fluent in two languages, and good at breaking codes. She is a very determined person and does not give up with out a fight. She is also very quick witted. She is a very good liar, very convincing. She likes to take matters into her own hands.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second most important supporting character is Leigh Teabing. Sir Leigh Teabing is a avid researcher of the Holy Grail. He has bushy red hair and hazel eyes. Both his legs are in metal braces. Leigh is a sly Englishman, who is obsessed with discovering the hiding place of the Grail. He is a very good actor and loves to exaggerate. He is never at a loss for words.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another main supporting charater is Bezu Fanche. He is the officer who is leading the search for the murderer and suspectcs that it is Langdon. Fanche is a large cold man who is desperrate to find this culprit. He grealt needs this case to be solved because his reputation is on the line here. He made a few too many mistakes and needs to restore his reputataion or he risk losing his job.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I also believe that another imortant supporting character is Jaucques Sauniere. He is murdered in the first chapter, however throughout the book Jaucques Sauniere affects the story line dramatically. Jaucques Sauniere is man who really believes that you need to work for what you get and nothing should come easily to you. He is an amazing code specialist and when he hides something it will stay hidden unless he wants you to find it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Da Vinci Code is about the journey Robert and Sophie take to find the Holy Grail. It begins in the Louvre Museum of Art where Jaucques Sauniere who was a curator in the Louvre. He was also the master of a secret organiza... ... to smash the box because inside lies a small glass vile containing vinegar which will dissolve the parchment on which the message is written. Once Langdon, Shopie, and Teabing open the first cryptex another lies inside.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He also never lets the story slow down or stop moving. There is always an unexpected twist which will astound you yet make perfect sense. Such as Teabing betrayal. It was totally unexpected yet it fit Teabings personality perfectly. He always wishes to have the upper hand. Another unexpected twist was that the Grail really wasn?t hidden in Great Britain in the Rosslyn which all the clues seemed to lead. Another unexpected twist was that both Opus Dei and the Priory of Sion both wished to keep the contents of the Grail hidden.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dan brown is also good at gathering real information and joining it together to make a story that seems possible. His story is based on facts which he has distorted to make fit to what he wishes to achieve. You can never tell what is coming next or what the outcome of an action will. He constantly keeps you guessing and I enjoy that. I give this book two thumbs up. The Da Vinci Code, Dan Brown, DoubleDay publishing 2003.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   DaVinci code Essay -- essays research papers The Da Vinci Code By Dan Brown   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For my book report I read The Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown. The Da Vinci Code has one main character and many supporting characters. The main character is Robert Langdon, a Harvard symbologist and professor. He is a tall American with coarse black hair and blue eyes. He is very intellectual and very modest. He is a quick thinker under pressure and doesn?t give up easily. He is careful with his words.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most important supporting character is Sophie Neveu. She is a cryptologist the and granddaughter of Jacques Sauniere, the murder victim. She has blond hair and green eyes and is French. She is very independent and commanding. She is also very intellectual, fluent in two languages, and good at breaking codes. She is a very determined person and does not give up with out a fight. She is also very quick witted. She is a very good liar, very convincing. She likes to take matters into her own hands.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second most important supporting character is Leigh Teabing. Sir Leigh Teabing is a avid researcher of the Holy Grail. He has bushy red hair and hazel eyes. Both his legs are in metal braces. Leigh is a sly Englishman, who is obsessed with discovering the hiding place of the Grail. He is a very good actor and loves to exaggerate. He is never at a loss for words.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another main supporting charater is Bezu Fanche. He is the officer who is leading the search for the murderer and suspectcs that it is Langdon. Fanche is a large cold man who is desperrate to find this culprit. He grealt needs this case to be solved because his reputation is on the line here. He made a few too many mistakes and needs to restore his reputataion or he risk losing his job.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I also believe that another imortant supporting character is Jaucques Sauniere. He is murdered in the first chapter, however throughout the book Jaucques Sauniere affects the story line dramatically. Jaucques Sauniere is man who really believes that you need to work for what you get and nothing should come easily to you. He is an amazing code specialist and when he hides something it will stay hidden unless he wants you to find it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Da Vinci Code is about the journey Robert and Sophie take to find the Holy Grail. It begins in the Louvre Museum of Art where Jaucques Sauniere who was a curator in the Louvre. He was also the master of a secret organiza... ... to smash the box because inside lies a small glass vile containing vinegar which will dissolve the parchment on which the message is written. Once Langdon, Shopie, and Teabing open the first cryptex another lies inside.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He also never lets the story slow down or stop moving. There is always an unexpected twist which will astound you yet make perfect sense. Such as Teabing betrayal. It was totally unexpected yet it fit Teabings personality perfectly. He always wishes to have the upper hand. Another unexpected twist was that the Grail really wasn?t hidden in Great Britain in the Rosslyn which all the clues seemed to lead. Another unexpected twist was that both Opus Dei and the Priory of Sion both wished to keep the contents of the Grail hidden.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dan brown is also good at gathering real information and joining it together to make a story that seems possible. His story is based on facts which he has distorted to make fit to what he wishes to achieve. You can never tell what is coming next or what the outcome of an action will. He constantly keeps you guessing and I enjoy that. I give this book two thumbs up. The Da Vinci Code, Dan Brown, DoubleDay publishing 2003.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Ornament Essay -- History, Kazakh Ornaments

Ornament is one of the oldest forms of decorative art. Its history goes back to thousands of years ago. Translated from the Latin ornamentum, it means â€Å"trappings, adornment, embellishment† (â€Å"Ornament†). However, in its infancy, the ornaments have a deeper meaning. Art critics are trying to decipher ancient images and understand the hidden meaning of signs and symbols. So far, it is believed that the key to understanding many of them have long been lost, and, nevertheless, the interest to the ancient art continues being unabated. Many ornamental motifs were passing from generation to generation, and they have remained almost unchanged for centuries. In ancient times people believed that the iconic images help them communicate with the other world of gods and spirits, and fulfill the role of a mediator between the worlds. Often, ornamental images were â€Å"the impulse to adorn stems from a deep rooted sensibility to mark every occasion of life with auspicious symbols, designs and figures to obtain good fortune and protection from evil† (â€Å"The Ideal of Ornament†). Each nation created its own unique decorative style. The originality and national color can accurately determine its membership of any group. In the East, the art of ornament was most extensively developed, and this is due primarily to the ancient traditions. In the second half of 1000 BC, nomadic tribes in Kazakhstan had Scythian style of ornamentation. According to Wikipedia, it was â€Å"often the central ornaments for shields carried by fighters. In the most notable of these figures, stags are displayed with legs tucked beneath its body, head upright and muscles tight to give the impression of speed† (â€Å"Scythian art†). These figures of fighters signified the victory of the sun... ...ament is important - they should rotate in a certain order. The indiscriminate distribution of colors even in the original ornament can make it gray and expressionless. â€Å"White background on goods or on the main figure of ornament is a symbol of the white path of truth and happiness. Red color is a fire, scorching power of the sun and love, black color for the power, majesty and well-being† (Turganbayeva). Blue has always been a symbol of heaven, yellow is the symbol of wisdom or sorrow, and green is a symbol of youth and spring. During the centuries, the ideas of the ancient art carefully preserved and passed down from teacher to student. That way, it has become a tradition, and ornaments preserved to our days. A wide variety of decorative styles and motifs have been developed for architecture and the applied arts, including pottery, furniture, metalwork (Art).

Homelessness and Solutions Homeless People

Let’s all help the homeless During the past decade there may have been an increase in homelessness due to the struggles of daily life. People have many ideas on ways that the government or communities can help improve these situations. It is not easy to help the homeless but any help can improve their lives and our streets. It may not take them completely off our streets but it can help them to get back on their feet.In a New York Times article, â€Å"Rooms of Their Own† on January 21, 1990 by Anna Quindlen, she reports that after observing people on the streets that all they want it a safe place to live to call home where they can have some privacy. She describes that many are mentally ill that the government cannot support any longer. Some homeless are former inmates that just need a little help getting back into society. Anna argues that the government should have to help by housing them in small studio like room to help them get back on their feet.By doing this it m ay get them back in the community and working soon to be on their own and not need the help any longer. Stuart D. Bykofsky complains in Newsweek, â€Å" No Heart for the Homeless†, on December 1, 1986 that he is fed up with the homeless laying around in the streets and making his community disgusting and unsafe to walk. He argues that why should individuals settle for these kinds of people living on there property for free and get away with it. He believes that it is not fair that they get to live on the streets for free and whileRivas 2 tax payers are getting fined for any reason. Stuart explains that the homeless need no excuse to live on the streets if there is a shelter to go to. It is their choice to go but if they choose not to then they should be fined for it as well. Not all homeless are the same because they all have different situations on why they have become homeless. Some of them have gotten laid off and simply cannot find w a job to support their families. This is all a part of Steven’s Vanderstaaty claim in his book, â€Å"Solutions Homeless People Seek†.He reveals that these unemployed people just want to work so they can get back into the community, but believe they shouldn’t have to go through all different kinds of training and programs for a job that they already have experience in. He points out that what homeless need is help getting back to society by their certain situations they may face of drug and alcohol programs or resources to help each individual that may need help mentally, physically or financially.After reading all three essays I find that any help would it be, donating time or money would help the homeless. It would show that the community does care for them as well as their surroundings to make it a cleaner and a safer place to live. Homeless or not everyone needs help may it be financially, emotionally or physically the government should have resources to help everyone!

Mathematical Interpretations of Keynes’s General Theory

IntroductionMany changes had occurred in the in conclusion century in every science. economic science was not the exception and a transformation into the theoretical approach took place in the 30s. In 1936 Keynes published The worldwide conjecture of Employment, involution and M unmatchedy. Its chief(prenominal) ideas hazard the al-Qaidas of macroeconomics and had influenced economics since.Unfortunately, Keynes had (and has) a bad news report as a writer, because of this there has been unvarying analysis and readings of what he meant. Economists affirmed that Keyness innovating urinate, as any new approach, had virtu on the wholey inconsistencies. Further, the book had small use of maths and, and then, had small proof of what it stated. Therefore, these ideas need variation and testing into the objective world.Keynes main(prenominal) IdeasKriesler and Nevile (2000) define the books main points as followsin a capitalistic thriftiness example, and hence unemploy ment, is determined by effective submit decisions about turnout and investment are made on the basis of expectations, and pecuniary variables influence real variables such as output and employment and real variables, in turn, influence monetary ones.One of the most daunting tasks was to knack up a numeric foundation of the cited Keyness works. The most important economists who performed this transaction were, in a crossed dressing process as Heller (2000) points it, Roy Harrod, jam Meade and mainly John Hicks. In fact, in 1937 Hicks published an influential article, Mr. Keynes and the Classics A suggested translation that rapidly became the abideard of Keynesian economics theory.Mathematical FoundationsThe Keyness ideas stated in the paragraphs to a higher place turned into simple numeral molds of the macro-economy and the most long-lived and flexible, the IS-LM model, came from John R. Hicks (Morgan 2001). notwithstanding that, some authors suggest that Harrod and Mea de had inspired the IS-LM model proposed by Hicks (Young, qt. in Heller, 2002)1. Others suggest that Champernowne and Reddaway likewise had some contribution into the models formalization (Barens 1998, qt in Heller, 2002)Besides the multiple interpretations of Keyness work, Hicks one remains as one of the most important.As pointed by Heller (2000), the models proposed as explanations had similar expressions which are organizations of simultaneous equations. And the mathematical formulations success of Keyness General surmise is because of the mathematical refinement and the exact nature of systems of simultaneous equations, which umteen consider alike and particularly to Hicks who was the save when one in representing the theory by diagrams. (Heller, 2002)As pointed, Harrod was some other economist who performed a mathematical foundation for Keyness work. According to him, Keynes system corrects the traditional theory allowing the Income level to be not given, the price level does not depend on the money, and money demand is divided in two. Due to all of this Harrod states that Keynes system is better than the traditional one. Keynes had a very positive view of Harrods development of his own work, which Harrods presented in the corresponding conference where Hicks did. Hence, Keynes thought that Harrod works construe correctly his own ideas.But these authors success in interpreting Keyness ideas is not slack of detractors. Kriesler and Nevile (2000) made a clear stand of this economists reject the IS-LM framework as being neither a valid decrease of the arguments in the General Theory nor a reliable model for analyzing macroeconomic issues. Economists calculate the IS-LM model ignores expectations and it is not useful to crush a particular economy beside the noneffervescent equilibrium2. They also affirm that Hicks took Keynesian macroeconomics to another direction from the one intended by the works author. The same authors call forth that Keyn ess own vision on Hicks model did have the faults that post Keynesians typically ascribe to IS-LM.3ConclusionKeyness work and the stern mathematical development gave, to governments and to economists, answers that can be easily explained and understood by everyone only using analytical tools as diagrams or simple mathematics. What is more, those ideas were beyond the economic gross sense of the time governments can fall during depressions.Affirming if these formalizations of the model are what Keyness work pointed might be intimidating. Regardless of this and the dissimilar views, Hicks simplification and formalization of the model is useful, and catches the tenderness of the work. As any first-year interpretation improvements were (and still are) made but the first task was accomplished.ReferencesHeller, Claudia, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money According to Brian Reddaway Economia em Revista, Vol. 10, pp. 15-32, 2002Heller, Claudia, The General Theory Syn thesis According to Roy Harrod in Mr. Keynes and conventional Theory, Revista de Economia (Curitiba), Vol. 23, pp. 27-49, 2000Keynes, John Maynard, The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (New York Prometheus Books, 1997).Morgan, Mary, The formation of Modern economic science Engineering and Ideology, Department of Economic History, capital of the United Kingdom School of Economics, May 2001, Available at http//www.lse.ac.uk/economicHistory/home.aspx1 Young proposed that to call it the IS-LM Harrod-Meade model. 2 It is important to make clear that many have pointed discerning expectations as one of the inconsistencies in Keyness work. 3 Post Keynesian economists main critic to the IS-LM model is its static equilibrium nature, thus has no means to deal economys path of adjustment.