Millennium Development Goals

In this twenty first century, one of the most widely discussed topics throughout the world is Millennium Development Goals (MDG). In September 2000, meeting at the United Nations Millennium Summit, the world leaders agreed to a remarkable document, the Millennium Declaration. The Declaration demanded that the world set its sights higher and aim for eight specific goals, most of which were to be achieved by 2015. What subsequently came to be known as the MDGs are – 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. 2. Achieve universal primary education. 3. Promote gender equality and empower woman. 4.Reduce child mortality. 5. Improve maternal health. 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases. 7. Ensure environmental sustainability. 8. Develop a global partnership for development. MDG and Bangladesh: Bangladesh is signatory of the MDGs and it has made noteworthy progress in the attainment of MDGs. Notwithstanding the relatively slow income growth and modest pace of income poverty r eduction, Bangladesh’s achievements in the broad area of human development were faster and in some respects remarkable. Although the level of social deprivations is still high, the pace of improvements has been encouraging.We are happy that our efforts in reducing child mortality in Bangladesh have been duly acknowledged by the United Nations at 65th General Assembly session 20-22 September 2010. The world body has presented Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and through her the people of Bangladesh This recognition of Bangladesh’s sincere efforts in trying to reach the MDGs set for 2015, while clearly encouraging for us, is also a reminder for us of what we must yet to do in order to tackle the remaining sense of the eight MDGs. Our success in reducing child mortality must now be followed by proactive efforts towards achieving the seven other MDG targets. As thePrime Minister pointed out in New York, Bangladesh will need $ 22. 1 billion if it has to attain all the MDGs. Sta tus of MDGs in Bangladesh: Goal-1: Bangladesh is well on track to achieving goal-1 with poverty coming down to 40% in 2005. The poverty gap ratio has also decreased dramatically to 9. 0. Goal-2: While a significant 87% has been achieved in terms of primary school enrollment,dropout rates remain high & therefore primary school completion rate low. Goal-3: Bangladesh has achieved gender parity in primary and secondary education together with being on track with respect to percentage of women employed in agriculture sector.Goal-4: The country is on track with regard to achieving this goal. Significant strides have been made and if the trend sustains, the country will meet the 2015 target well ahead of schedule. Goal-5: The maternal mortality ratio is on track but the percentage of skilled birth attendants is low. Goal-6:Bangladesh has made some progress in the spread of malaria and other diseases. Goal-7: While significant progress has been made in terms of access to safe drinking wate r and sanitary latrines in urban areas, the same remains a challenge in rural areas.Also maintaining wet-lands and bio-diversity is still a challenge. Goal-8: Penetration of telephone lines and internet, particularly cell-phone usage, has increased to a great extent but youth employment rate is still low. Overall, goal-3 has been already achieved. There is more than 50% progress in attaining goal-2. In case of other goals, attainment is possible if necessary changes are made in policy and strategies. Conclusion: Bangladesh had adverse initial conditions at the start of its journey three decades ago.With one of the most vulnerable economies of the world characterized by extremely high population density, low resource base, high incidence of natural disasters and extremely adverse initial circumstances associated with the inheritance of a war-ravaged economy, the implications for long-term savings, investments and growth were deemed extremely bleak. Bangladesh which was once termed th e test case of development may indeed represent a learning site for keeping the hopes alive for other equally less fortunate post-colonial societies with adverse initial conditions.

Assignment- Final Paper Essay

These last five weeks in EXP 105 has really helped me learn a lot about learning in general, and also it has helped me to understand myself as a learner. If I had to explain the concept of learning to someone who has not yet taken this class, I would tell them that it is simply knowing who you are as learner and knowing what are your intentions are when it comes to learning. Intentions alone play a big part in learning because that is the ultimate goal; becoming an intentional learner. An intentional learner knows how to approach learning by developing skills to read, write, and think critically. I always felt that learning itself was a full time job, but this class changed that view by teaching me how to learn, and also what my weak and strong points were. This helps you to manage time, and learning no longer feels like it takes forever. In this class we were given a learning connections inventory (LCI). It was a short survey to help us identify our learning patterns. My LCI scores were as follows: Sequence 27, Precision 28. Technical Reasoning 20, and Confluence 17. Sequence and precision are my two use first learning patterns. I use these patterns on the regular. I am a very organized person and I like to make sure that I have all the information that is necessary before I perform a task. I use technical reasoning as needed, and then I avoid Confluence. Confluence requires a lot of creativity and that is the area I lack in the most so I try to stay away from it as much as I can. No matter how we use our learning patterns though, it always comes a time where we must use them all whether we realize it or not. Sometimes it is necessary to combine all of the learning patterns to get a full understanding of what is happening, or supposed to happen. The benefits of knowing your unique learning patterns are for one you already know how you should approach different tasks to get them done. It takes the guesswork out and saves you time to go back and finish something you did not  understand later. While learning patterns are strong tools to have in your tool box by themselves, sometimes it is necessary to have strategies to go along with them. When it comes to sequence I do not always think that a strategy is necessary because it is always important for things to be organized for them to look neat and flow smoothly when it comes too writing at least, and that is how I tried to think about every learning pattern and assignment in this class. My strategy for mu use first precision is to keep it at a minimum without being boring, less really is more sometimes. Technical reasoning will remain as it is since it is use as needed. I definitely know that my strategy for confluence was to intensify it a little more so that I can try to warm up to it and try to incorporate it into more of my assignments. The way that I took advantage of my strengths in this course was actually using them when I was completing assignments. The biggest challenge of my learning patterns was figuring out when and how to use them. It gradually got better once we discussed FITing and decoding assignments. It did not take long for me to grasp those concepts and after that everything became clear and it all made sense on hoe it all fit together. That solved the problem of the learning patterns being hard to understand when it came to using them to complete assignments in the course. I didn’t get to use the FITing concept until the end, but I wish I would have known about it earlier. I definitely plan to use it in my future courses because it makes everything easier to understand and I enjoyed doing it. I didn’t think of it as extra unnecessary work. It was more like a map to me to tell me what I should do. In the future I will also use more of the library and student resources to help me with FITing. The thing that I enjoyed the most about this class w being given the opportunity to learn about myself and who I am as a learner. I definitely feel different about learning and I plan to use everything I learned in this course in future courses. My favorite assignments to do in this class were the LCI and then the FITing and decoding assignment. To make the class a little better and more fun I think at least another variation of the LCI should be included. I had taken online courses before so all of my expectations were met. I enjoyed this class overall.

Chemistry Chapter One Flashcards Example for Free

Chemistry Chapter One Gaining knowledge based on observation Biological science and physical science Study of things that are/were alive Botany- plants Zoology- animals Mycology- fungi Microbiology- microorganisms Chemistry-matter and its properties/reactions Physics- relationship between matter and energy Nature does not have categories of science, but†¦ Categories help us organize the information There are many combinations or cross overs of†¦ These categories of science (example: biochemistry) Study of composition, structure, and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes Organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, and theoretical chemistry Study of most carbon containing compounds Study of properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy Identification of the components and composition of materials Study of substances and processes occurring in living things Use of mathematics and computers to understand principles behind chemical behavior Basic research, applied research, technological development Research for the sake of increasing knowledge Research that involves production and use of products that improve quality of life Property that does not depend on the amount of substance (example: color, texture, density) Property that depends on the amount of the substance (example: mass, volume, length) Characteristics that can be observed without change the identity of the substance (example: color of nails is silver) Cannot be observed without changing the identity of the substance (example: rust, decomposable, flammable) Phase map in order from lowest kinetic energy to highest Degenerate matter, Bose-Einstein condensate, solid, liquid, gas, plasma, Quark-Gluon plasma Highly compressed matter existing in cores of massive stars Gasous superfluid formed by atoms and cooled to absolute zero, strongest intermolecular energy, close and strong molecules Definite shape and volume, formula units closely packed Definite volume, shape of container, formula units close and in random arrangement Takes volume and shape of container, formula units are far apart Building blocks of matter existing in soup Forces between molecules, responsible for phases Plasma, to gas, to liquid, to solid†¦ and gas to solid Deionization, condensation, freezing†¦ and deposition Plasma, to gas, to liquid, to solid†¦ and gas to solid are referred to as what? Solid, to liquid, to gas, to plasma†¦ and solid to gas Melting, evaporation, ionization†¦ and sublimation What is the purpose of a glossary and appendix? Glossary- Defines words in back of textbook Appendix- Sections append in back of textbook -Symbol is capitalized -If there are two letters, the second letter is lowercase Diatomic- H2, O2, N2, Group 17/7A/VII, F2, Cl2, I2, Br2, At2 Others- S8 (sulfur), P4 (phosphorus), O3 (ozone), Se8 (selenium) Rest are monotomic- Look up symbol Title, legend, type of measurements, units Outer cone- limited gas, lots of air Inner cone- mix of gas and air Base cone- limited air, lots of gas Long hair pulled back, goggles, closed shoes, long pants, long sleeved shirt, apron Has mass and occupies space (make pure substance and mixtures) Two or more kinds of formula units -heterogenous or homogenous -homogenous: acid, base, salt, alloy One kind of formula unit, during its phase change temperature stays the same until the change is complete -element or compound -element: metals, metalloid, non-metals -compound: covalent and ionic bonds Metal made by combining two or more metallic elements (example: brass, bronze, steel, iron) Malleable, ductile, good conductor of heat and electricity, shiny, high melting point Nonmalleable (brittle), not ductile, poor conductor of heat and electricity, dull An element whose properties are intermediate between solid nonmetals (both metal and nonmetal) Hold dropper vertically to get same size drops, squeeze bulb with uniform pressure, never stick dropper into water Turn hand over, grasp stopper between two finger, handle bottle with same hand, never put stopper on counter Heating a test tube in a burner flame Tube should be no more than 1/3 full, hold at angle, move back and forth (heating from side to side) Filtering a precipitate from a liquid Put in clean funnel, moisten with distilled water to hold in place, decant liquid from top of solid Mistake that happens to only on or a few groups in a lab Part of the experiment and happens to all groups Fractional charged subatomic particles that make up larger subatomic particles Up, down, strange, charm, top, and bottom Constructed with an inlet with an adjustment for amount of air, and amount of gas. Proper mixture yields faint blue flame for maximum heat and minimum soot What is meant by the word chemical? Substance with definite composition Physical chemistry, organic chemistry, and biochemistry Mass-Measure of the amount of matter Matter- Anything that has mass and takes up space How does a pure compound differ from a mixture? Compound is consistent and has properties of itself. Mixtures retain properties of what makes it up Characteristic that defines an entire group of substances How are properties useful in classifying materials? Properties can be used to distinguish substances and separate them Difference between extensive and intensive property Extensive depends on matter that is present and intensive does not Distinguish physical and chemical change PC- change in substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance CC- change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances Change in the object. Whether solid, liquid, or gas. Changing form Quark-Gluon Plasma- Top Degenerate matter- Bottom Where are metals and nonmetals on a periodic table? Metals- Left side Nonmetals- Right side Cannot be separated into simpler means What is the name of a new substance and different formula? What is the name of the same substance and different formula? If it’s a pure substance, how do you identify the melting or freezing point? If it’s a mixture, how do you identify the melting or freezing range? How do melting and freezing points of a pure substance compare? Chemistry/Physics PS test Time Travel based on Einstein's theories Chemistry: EM, Einstein, Photons, Bohr, OM Model, Electron Configuration Nuclear Chemistry Chemistry Elements Chemistry U2 Einstein / Photoelectric Effect Newton vs Einstein Chemistry Exam 3 (Atomic Theory) General Science II Module 1 Test Philip Glass Knee Play 1 from Einstein On The Beach Chemistry- The Modern Atomic Theory company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. By continuing we’ll assume you’re on board with our cookie policy We will write a custom sample essay on

Does developing consensus of Appropriation (COA) among team members of Essay

Does developing consensus of Appropriation (COA) among team members of the virtual environment have a major influence on the outcome of effective collaboration - Essay Example The frame work used for this study was Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST) which is based on Anthony Giddens Structuration theory (DeSanctis & Poole, 1994). From the study, we can conclude that the results acquired are controversial and do not present the complete picture of the research on consensus of appropriation due to various limitations. In the past information technology primarily supported business functions by just improving the efficiency. Advanced information technologies (AIT) are designed to support coordination along with interpersonal communication which epitomize to a new class of information technologies ( DeSanctis and Poole 1994). Adopting the Adaptive Structuration Theory Framework (AST) emphasizes how Advance Information Technology is used to mediate any influence on the effective collaboration in a GDSS system. The effective use of Group Support systems (GSS) to aid work in small groups has been an important topic of research since the mid 1980s as the major focus was on the technology rather than the factors which influence the outcome of effective collaboration in GSS. GDSS aims to improve the process of decision making by removing communication barriers. The factors influencing group problem solving include: reluctance to participate, inconsistent views about the problem's components and their rel ationships, undue dominance by one individual in the group, tendency towards premature convergence, unproductive avoidance or escalation of conflict, and issues of leadership (DeSanctis, 1996).It is interesting to look at the impact of developing consensus of Appropriation (COA) among team members of the virtual environment and whether it has a major influence on the outcome of effective collaboration. The impact of technology appropriation and consensus development on the collaboration effectiveness of the virtual groups is the topic which has certain perspectives for the further research, and the basis for such assumption lies in the fact that the rates of technological development at present are the highest, and their impact on the human life and on the decision outcomes as a part of the virtual groups' performance should not be underestimated. This is why I decided to make this topic the subject of my research, using the Adaptive Structuration Theory and literary resources as the basis for the analysis and discussion of the results acquired. Background The data set used for analysis was taken from the second semester of 2003 which was a joint effort between the first year students at Uppsala University at Sweden and the third year students of Auckland University of Technology (AUT) in New Zealand. The collaborative database was developed using Lotus Notes at the school of computing and Information Sciences, AUT. The online collaboration consists of two phases. The first phase is Icebreaking activity which actually allows different users to introduce themselves and get familiar with the database in order to explore different features of it. . At the end of the phase one, the user evaluates and comments on the icebreaking task. The next phase is the group decision phase in which the group members had to evaluate 3 websites and accordingly rank them based on group

Sales Management Plan - IT company - Background and headings provided Term Paper

Sales Management Plan - IT company - Background and headings provided - WRITE ONLY HEADINGS 7,8,9 - Term Paper Example The sales force that is highly motivated will have more sales. The sales force is also critical in the company’s profitability as it increases sales, maintain prices and control the expenses. Secondly, it is possible to measure and compare the output of an individual. Costs, sales and other result oriented metrics can be tracked by the company. The results of the territory can be benchmarked against the previous year, territory goal, and market potential. The company can; therefore determine the salesperson that is performing better. Also, the job of the sales person involves rejection and lack supportive social interaction. Most of their jobs are unsupervised. Therefore, an incentive payout is a reward and a measure for the success of the salesperson as this job attracts risk takers who require relent incentives for a high level of performance (Andris A. et al. 2001). Incentive plans have impacts that are immediate on the sales force which is felt in either of two ways includ ing it influences the kind of person that is attracted to the organization and also affect the behavior and activities of the salespersons. The compensation framework for a sales incentive has three constituents. First, company that decides on the compensation plan the sales force, which decides on, the compensation plan and the customer who decides whether to take on the products or services of the company. Customer results may include the satisfaction they get from the products and services and also the relationship with the company’s selling organization (Andris et al. 2001). Staffing Recruiting involves finding quality people who can see things through the eyes of the customer and then interface with the people of marketing. To maintain its relevance, it is also important to ensure that the recruited personnel are maintained. There are several skills that may lead to success in sales. These include innate desire to serve, integrity, willingness to listen, strong work ethi c, effective communication skills and ability to put others at ease. The role of the hiring process will involve the location of individuals with core characteristics and the values that lead to sales success. There are six steps important in the hiring process: First is the job definition where the job requirements are developed. Companies have different requirements depending on the industry they are in. these requirements change over time and, therefore, need to reevaluate them and the activity priorities as the market conditions and competition changes (Andris et al. 2001) The second is the candidate profile which should be checked for successful traits of a sales person. A candidate may not have all the required traits, but others are essential and should be present. These include the ability to communicate effectively and a certain level of competence. The third is the applicant pool which determines the quality of the candidate. Recruitment is more successful when the reliabl e information about a candidate is known by the recruiter. The sources of applicants involve Fairs, Web (I.E. Career Builder) and Connect with Career services at Universities. The staff can be recruited either internally or externally. Internal recruiting develops a pool of job applicants that are qualified form the people who are working in the company. This is sometimes referred to as promotion as it is used to motivate employees. This also reduces the start

This about engineering class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

This about engineering class - Essay Example They also greatly support the tourism and hospitality industry of the country. These striking buildings incorporate a range of styles from neo-classical to high-tech modern and materials from sandstone to steel, concrete and glass and grapes the attention of the public. Each building has one or more features or functions that are very unique and hence, lead the structure to be known globally. One of the best examples of World Fair with large structure is Eiffel Tower which was initially built for the World’s Fair of 1889. The size of the structure makes a building special in the sense of its volume and uniqueness like the pyramids of Egypt, Sydney Opera House, Statue of Liberty, Burj Khalifa and skyscrapers and alike. The large buildings can be used for various purposes because to their usable space and area. Some of the world’s tallest structures known for their height are shown below: Petronas Twin Towers (RealChristianity). Shun Hing Square (Hasan). Eiffel Tower of P aris has become a global icon and one of the most familiar structures of the world. It is the most visited monument around the globe. It is 324 meters tall and it has been the tallest structure of the world for over forty years. Had Eiffel Tower been only 30 meters tall, it would not have been as significant and widely known as it is today.

Relationship between Business Level Strategy, Corporate Level Strategy Essay

Relationship between Business Level Strategy, Corporate Level Strategy and Network Level Strategy - Essay Example As the report discusses successful business level strategies depend on sound customer base. Identification of the groups of customers, the needs and preferences of those customer groups and the core competencies that the firm will be using to satisfy the customer needs form the basis of the business level strategies. Thus the key issues the firm should address while deciding on the business level strategies are the nature of goods and services the firm wants to offer the customers, how to produce such goods and services and how the goods and services can be efficiently be distributed. Once formed the business level strategy reflects where and how the firm has an advantage over its rivals. This paper stresses that Corporate Level Strategy specifies actions the firm takes to gain a competitive advantage by selecting and managing a group of different businesses competing in several industries and product markets. A corporate level strategy value is determined by the degree to which the different segments of businesses will prove worth to continue under the same management of the company than they would be under any other form of organization or ownership. Thus an effective corporate level strategy creates across all the business units of the firm cumulative returns that will exceed those returns which the company would earn without the corporate strategy. It also contributes to the strategic competitiveness of the firm. The firm’s ability to earn above-average returns would also be improved.... Once formed the business level strategy reflects where and how the firm has an advantage over its rivals. (Slater and Olsen 2000) 3.0 Corporate Level Strategy: Corporate Level Strategy specifies actions the firm takes to gain a competitive advantage by selecting and managing a group of different businesses competing in several industries and product markets. Markides (1997) describes that a corporate level strategy is expected to help the firm earn above-average returns by creating values just as with the diversified firm's business level strategies. A corporate level strategy value is determined by the degree to which the different segments of businesses will prove worth to continue under the same management of the company than they would be under any other form of organization or ownership. Thus an effective corporate level strategy creates across all the business units of the firm cumulative returns that will exceed those returns which the company would earn without the corporate strategy. It also contributes to the strategic competitiveness of the firm. The firm's ability to earn above-average returns would also be improved. 4.0 Network level Strategy: The Network level strategy defines inter-organizational relationships. Having access to multiple collaborations increases the likely-hood that additional competitive advantages will be formed as the set of resources and capabilities being shared expand. (Rudberg & Olihager 2003) One of the primary benefits of a network level strategy is the firm's opportunity to gain access to a multitude of firms' resources and capabilities. When this happens the probability greatly increases, that partners will find unique ways to uniquely share their resources and capabilities to form competitive advantages.

Improvement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Improvement - Research Paper Example Patient service quality is therefore equivalent to the traditional customer satisfaction model, which has been used in the business environment for a lot of years now. There are a lot of factors that can trigger improved patient service quality, including the language in which oral and written instructions given to patient are delivered. Because patients do not have the professional knowhow to quantify what makes up a high quality service to them, they would normally look at signs that they experience in their body as part of their recovery. It would be noted however that radiology procedures only set the tone for other medical and surgical procedures to continue (Kaufman et al., 2010). With this noted, it can be said that patient service quality will be linked to the outcome of the whole medical procedure that the patient is taken through. What this means is that the patient must be put in a position to understand the role they can play in making the whole medical procedural outcome a successful one (Filler, 2010). But in a situation where instructions are written or spoken to the patient in a language they cannot understand, they will never know the actual part they are expected to play. In such a situation, they may not experience the overall improvement and may therefore not regard the radiology procedure as being quality. In radiology, the quality of images produced is very important for medical and surgical decision making (Bastable, 2008). Already, the healthcare system will be noted to be a shared responsibility, requiring all stakeholders to bring their individual expertise together to form a collective consultative program agenda. The part of the radiology in this quest is to ensure that the best of images that can make doctors and other physicians take decisions on patients is produced. There are actually records of wrong medical and surgical decisions that have been taken because of poor quality of image after imaging procedure

Negotiating a Disciplinary Procedure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Negotiating a Disciplinary Procedure - Essay Example According to the paper, alleged inadequacies of performance, which include proficiency and competence as set out in the Unfair Dismissal Act 1977 and conduct are grounds for punitive action, meaning that the disciplinary procedure may be initiated and that a sanction may follow if the case against the employee is found to have substance. It should be noted that minor instances are normally dealt with informally for a â€Å"ticking-off â€Å"incident for an isolated incident of lateness for example and this is because they will not require numerous procedures in coming to a decision. There is an obligation under section 14 of the Unfair Dismissal Act 1977 that within 13 weeks of starting employment in any organization, the employees must be given the procedure and rules used for disciplining or dismissing them from the workplace. Such procedures may be contained within a collective agreement, which is normally after a negotiation between the employer and employee or be established b y custom and practice. Other than this, there is no formal guidance on what the procedure should contain: the Act is silent, and currently there is no code of practice on the subject, although there is an area where the Labor Relations Commissions may take action. The guidance that is not provided for comes from decisions of the Employment Appeals Tribunal, which stipulates the rules of engagement. Conveying a clear punitive policy is important to define workplace expectations and the methods the employer will use in correcting behavior that is not in line with the organizational standards. This ensures that all employees are aware and adhere to the code of conduct in the organization failure to which they face sanctions or the disciplinary actions that the misconduct accrues.

Comparison of Theoretical Orientation Essay Example for Free

Comparison of Theoretical Orientation Essay Comparison of Theoretical Orientation The two theories that I am choosing to compare and contrast in the situation given, is Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and William Glasser’s reality theory. William Glasser, M. D. , is the developer of Reality Therapy and Choice Therapy. Glasser developed a cause and effect theory that explains human behavior. He focuses on personal choice, personal responsibility and personal transformation. William Glasser has an approach on his theory that is very nontraditional. He does not believe that somebody can have a mental illness unless there is something organically wrong with the brain. He also believes that if somebody is considered to have a mental illness it needs to be confirmed by a pathologist. William Glasser also believes that genetically we are social creatures and need each other. That may very well be the cause of almost all psychological symptoms which is our inability to get along with the important and meaningful people in our lives. Sigmund Freud developed a theory to explain psychoanalytic and psychotherapist and much of his work comes from self-analysis. Sigmund Freuds work suggests that early experiences in ones life can shape and develop the way we behave as adults. Freud identified five stages within the first five years of life and he believes that our behavior patterns consist of three main elements which are the ID-this is the basic instincts present at birth, also known as the pleasure principle. The Ego-realistic acts within the mind and reality, this is also considered that the fence principal. The Super-Ego-this is the sense of conscious, our duty and responsibility, this is also known as the moral principle. Freud believed that when conflicts arose between these three parts it was those experiences from birth and early childhood that had the most impact on us as we became adults. Even though Freud never studied children and its fair to say some people have doubt about his theories, Freud developed his theories based on clinical experience with his patients and they were usually all women. Knowing that Freuds work was based on an assumption that personality is shaped and behavior is motivated by powerful inner forces can make it easy for one to misunderstand or misinterpret Freuds theory.

Social Exclusion and Social Capital Theories: Urban Areas

Social Exclusion and Social Capital Theories: Urban Areas Introduction The idea of social exclusion, the forces within society which have contributed to it, and results of social exclusion are all issues that have been described in the following terms by Musterd, S and Ostendorf, W ((1998) p1): ‘The excluded lose the opportunities, the means and finally the ability to participate in society, which is expressed by a lack of labour market participation, low school participation, a weak position in the housing market, limited political participation and restricted socio-cultural integration†¦[1]’. Levitas, R (1998) has a slightly different view of social exclusion and her views have been described in the following way: ‘The MUD moral underclass discourse is rooted in neo-conservatism. Levitas describes this discourse as equating social exclusion with the development of an ‘underclass’†¦.[2]’ Therefore, while there are those who question the very existence of social exclusion problems: ‘†¦..the term does not necessarily imply either a positive or a negative state. It is simply a way of describing the established patterns of human relations in any given society†¦.[3]’, what the arguments of Levitas (1998) and Musterd, S and Ostendorf, W (1998) show is that social theorists have mapped an increasing trend within society which has entrenched wide gaps between social groups in terms of wealth and social status, and this trend has been noticed particularly in regard to urban areas and in terms of low income families. Social exclu sion has led to an explosion at both extreme ends of the socio-economic scale, with increases in households that have a low income, seen to expand proportionally with increases in the amount of households with high income and skills that are highly sought after. Those at the bottom of the scale are frequently referred to as ‘excluded’ and those at the top are those who benefit from social inclusion. The broad policy of redistributive justice has been seen as a way to redress this socio-economic imbalance. Redistributive justice refers to a process whereby the political process encourages the distribution of property and wealth, by introducing schemes such as taxation, which can channel wealth from the wealthy to the poor in society. This concept has been associated with Marxism, Socialism and Pluralism. Therefore, whether one accepts the discourse of an underclass propelling social exclusion, or whether one simply holds the view that social exclusion is mainly caused because of socio-economic reasons, it is plain to be seen that the UK government has recognised social exclusion as a problem which needs to be addressed in terms of policy. The effectiveness and coherence of these policies is of course, open to interpretation and criticism and two government policies will be examined in this essay to highlight the problem of social exclusion and to critique the government’s response to it. Two specific policies have been chosen by the writer with which to use as a focal point in the further discussion of the topic of social exclusion. The first policy is a policy called ‘Programme for Partnership’ which is aimed at narrowing the gaps that social exclusion imposes with regard to those living in urban areas of Scotland. The second scheme within the social capital and social exclusion area is the ‘Tackling Exclusion from Education’ scheme which proposes to see social exclusion as a problem which starts at an early age and which aims at improving the problems of social exclusion through the improvement of the education system in the UK. Urban and the City Few people doubt that the problems of social exclusion emanate in a substantial way from city life and problems associated with deprived urban areas. This scenario can be seen to produce an ‘underclass’ that live in these areas. As Martin (2004) has demonstrated underclasses, whatever their construction are a product of post industrialisation. Martin argues: ‘There are various interpretations of the term underclass. Indeed, Bovenkerk (1984) and Mann (1992 in Mann 1999: 150) argue that Murrays account of the underclass sounds remarkably like Marx and Engels accounts of the lumpenproletariat, and the term itself has been attributed to the work of the Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal. According to Gans (1995: 2) the underclass is a redefinition of an economic term originally introduced by Myrdal in 1963 to describe the workers being forced out of a new economy, now often called postindustrial..[4]’ Therefore the first chosen policy which will be discussed in regards to the urban and the city topic is one which is aimed at dissipating the problems of an urban underclass. The scheme has only recently been announced by government and it relates to urban regeneration in Scotland. The scheme itself has been entitled ‘Programme for Partnership’ and it involves formulating ideas which will influence the long term lifestyles and opportunities of those living in deprived urban areas. This programme has held at its core the idea of ‘regeneration partnerships’ which encourages a level of cohesion between agencies charged with the responsibility of dealing with the problems of social exclusion in urban Scotland. For example, through directing resources to target inequality in the healthcare system, the ‘Programme for Partnership’ is intending to indirectly deal with the problems within the educational system such as low attainment which can be linked with poor health. This scheme therefore has been aimed at reducing inter-related problems linked with city life which combine to produce what has been described as: ‘†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦the horrible reality of being cut out of our credit-based, plastic card economy†¦[5]’. Other initiatives which have have been borne from this ‘Programme for Partnership’ initiative have been aimed at tackling the problems associated with homelessness, which is another sign of social exclusion. What the Partnership initiative has recognised is that homelessness is not a singular problem which randomly befalls those it affects. Homelessness, a problem endemic in urban areas can often be associated with poverty, low educational attainment, drugs, poor healthcare (particularly for the mentally ill) and family problems including abuse. Therefore, the government has formulated a new Code of Practice which encourages urban social service actors to develop strategies to deal with poverty which incorporate a holistic approach to dealing with the social problems that cause social problems, and not just isolated problems. The Cabinet Office’s social exclusion unit and the Scottish Office work closely to supervise and to help implement the ‘Programme for Partnership’ scheme. The Scottish Executive has recently been quoted as saying: ‘Part of the social justice strategy is the†¦.development of person-centred services (and) involves the breaking down of the old vertical hierarchies, such as the historical division between the UK Benefits Agency and Employment Service, which have recently been merged†¦[6]’. Yet, rhetoric does not solve the problem of social exclusion, and this scheme may be of little use if its effectiveness cannot be measured and attuned to the fluid distribution of the problems of social exclusion in urban areas. There is a fundamental problem which arises when one attempts to tackle a broad problem with an inter-agency approach and this problem involves measuring the success and/or failure of the policy, and targeting appropriate solutions within this grey area. The resulting subterfuge may be of benefit to a government seeking reelection, but how far it has gone to reduce continuing problems associated with social exclusion in urban areas is difficult to see through the rising crime rates, the continuing problems of anti-social behaviour and rising poverty, problems which those in urban areas are particularly susceptible to. Social Capital and Social Exclusion As we have seen earlier from the explanation of social exclusion provided by Musterd, S and Ostendorf, W (1998), the problem of social exclusion mainly affects those at the lower end of the socio-economic scale. The government has recognised that this problem in many ways reflects the way that poor children are treated in the education system. Statistics have suggested that there are links between a person’s educational and social development and this is particularly true of those who enter the educational system from a deprived background. Commentators such as Archer (2003) have pointed to a core problem relating to social exclusion and the educational system: ‘†¦.educational inequalities not only persist, but in some cases have increased†¦[7]’. Therefore the New Labour government have recently launched the ‘Tackling Exclusion from Education’ scheme, which is a scheme again aimed at local authorities and which encourages them to develop sch emes aimed at improving literacy in young people and teenagers. This scheme therefore aims to facilitate the progression of young people within the education system and one of its objectives is to tackle problems associated with emotional and behavioral difficulties in young people, problems which contribute to the problems that have been described above in an urban context. Truancy is also a big issue in this regard and the ‘Tackling Exclusion from Education’ scheme encourages local authorities to introduce pilot schemes within schools to look at alternatives to excluding children, and to improve attendance records. In this way the problem of failure in the educational system can be seen as a root cause of those problems described in the above urban and city section, as problems in school often persist into later life, and these problems can often be seen within cities. Linked with this Education initiative are schemes aimed at improving confidence among young people, and these schemes include out of hours activities which are funded by the National Lottery. As Majors (2001) has argued, ‘England is experiencing an education revolution. Few would deny that in the four years since the Labour government came to power they have made major advances in education and social inclusion.†¦[8]’. Yet, again, this scheme suffers from the same inadequacies as the later scheme. The difficulty again lies with separating rhetoric from success. While it is true that the problem of social exclusion can be tackled in the ways described above, it is not clear whether these schemes are actually effective, in light of the poor comparison Britain makes with other Western European educational systems. An intrinsic problem which has dogged other areas of political life is recognised as ‘political spin’. This New Labour propensity to cloud probl ems with ‘spin’ has permeated the social sector as much as it has the political sector. This leads to a problem of measurement and of recognition and the increasing inconsistency that can be seen from looking at what the government says it is achieving and reconciling this with poor educational attainment, truancy and other problems which afflict poor, young people in British state schools. Conclusion This essay has looked at the idea of social exclusion both in urban areas and in terms of social capital. In many ways social exclusion, begs questions about the definition of freedom; questions about redistributive justice which Marx and Engels have asked many years ago. Therefore, few could argue that the problems of social exclusion emanate in large part from industrialisation and this has been a theme of the essay. While Bashford and Strange (2003) have argued that: ‘†¦new political imaginings of freedom†¦ (and)†¦the invention of liberty as an inalienable right†¦[9]’ have improved the situations of many, the problem of social exclusion persists, as it argued by Rosenfeld and Tardieu (2002): ‘The very poor are shut out; the social institution is shut in. Both live with a sense of defeat and mutual misunderstanding To the extent that there are overtures from either side, these seem doomed to failure and make no sense to the other side. Nothin g is going on; there are no surprises, no exchanges, no meeting points. There is no story to tell†¦.[10]’. Therefore government policy which aims to target these problems must address social exclusion, not just in terms of description, but in terms of effectual strategy which measures success and failure in a fair and unbiased way. Bibliography Books and Articles Archer, L. et al. (2003) Higher Education and Social Class: Issues of Exclusion and Inclusion. Publisher: RoutledgeFalmer. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 2003. Bashford, A. and Strange, C. (2003) Isolation: Places and Practices of Exclusion. Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 2003. Bollens, S. (2002) Urban Planning and Intergroup Conflict: Confronting a Fractured Public Interest. Journal Title: Journal of the American Planning Association. Volume: 68. Issue: 1. Page Number: 22+. Johnson, M. (2001) It May Not Grab the Headlines, but Tackling Financial Exclusion Is Social Democracy in Action. Magazine Title: New Statesman. Volume: 130. Issue: 4530. Publication Date: March 26, 2001. Majors, R. (2001) Educating Our Black Children: New Directions and Radical Approaches. Publisher: RoutledgeFalmer. Place of Publication: London. Publication Year: 2001. Martin, S. (2004) Reconceptualising Social Exclusion: A Critical Response to the Neoliberal Welfare Reform Agenda and the Underclass Thesis. Journal Title: Australian Journal of Social Issues. Volume: 39. Issue: 1. Publication Year: 2004. Page Number: 79+. Musterd, S. and Ostendorf, W. (1998) Urban Segregation and the Welfare State: Inequality and Exclusion in Western Cities. Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: London. Publication Year: 1998. Riddell, S. and Tett, L (2001) Education, Social Justice, and Inter-Agency Working: Joined Up or Fractured Policy. Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 2001. Rosenfeld, J. and Tardieu, B. (2002) Artisans of Democracy: How Ordinary People, Families in Extreme Poverty, and Social Institutions Become Allies to Overcome Social Exclusion. Journal Title: Social Theory and Practice. Volume: 28. Issue: 3. Publication Year: 2002. Internet Sources The Scottish Stationary Office (Undated) Social Exclusion in Scotland: A Consultation Paper. Available at:  http://www.scotland.gov.uk/library/documents1/socexcl.htm >>. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. (1994) Social Integration: Approaches and Issues. Available at:  http://66.249.93.104/search?q=cache:cbPDnQ4TsgkJ:www.unrisd.org/unrisd/website/document.nsf/ab82a6805797760f80256b4f005da1ab/510920da18b35a6880256b65004c6a7b/%24FILE/bp1.pdf+social+integrationhl=enct=clnkcd=17 >>. Anonymous (2002) Social Inclusion/Exclusion. Available at:  http://66.249.93.104/search?q=cache:aRXxsOaWPLkJ:www.rwbsocialplanners.com.au/SOCIAL%2520INCLUSION.pdf+moral+underclass+discoursehl=enct=clnk>>. Footnotes [1] p1. Musterd, S. and Ostendorf, W. (1998) Urban Segregation and the Welfare State: Inequality and Exclusion in Western Cities. Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: London. Publication Year: 1998. [2] Anonymous (2002) Social Inclusion/Exclusion. Available at: www.rwbsocialplanners.com.au/SOCIAL%20INCLUSION.pdf+moral+underclass+discoursehl=enct=clnk>>. [3] United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. (1994) Social Integration: Approaches and Issues. Available at: http://66.249.93.104/search?q=cache:cbPDnQ4TsgkJ:www.unrisd.org/unrisd/website/document.nsf/ab82a6805797760f80256b4f005da1ab/510920da18b35a6880256b65004c6a7b/%24FILE/bp1.pdf+social+integrationhl=enct=clnkcd=17 >>. [4]p1. Martin, S. (2004) Reconceptualising Social Exclusion: A Critical Response to the Neoliberal Welfare Reform Agenda and the Underclass Thesis. Journal Title: Australian Journal of Social Issues. Volume: 39. Issue: 1. Publication Year: 2004. Page Number: 79+. [5]Johnson, M. (2001) It May Not Grab the Headlines, but Tackling Financial Exclusion Is Social Democracy in Action. Magazine Title: New Statesman. Volume: 130. Issue: 4530. Publication Date: March 26, 2001. [6]p3. Riddell, S. and Tett, L (2001) Education, Social Justice, and Inter-Agency Working: Joined Up or Fractured Policy. Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 2001. [7] p2. Archer, L. et al. (2003) Higher Education and Social Class: Issues of Exclusion and Inclusion. Publisher: RoutledgeFalmer. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 2003. [8] Majors, R. (2001) Educating Our Black Children: New Directions and Radical Approaches. Publisher: RoutledgeFalmer. Place of Publication: London. Publication Year: 2001. Page Number: 1. [9] Bashford, A. and Strange, C. (2003) Isolation: Places and Practices of Exclusion. Publisher: Routledge. Place of Publication: New York. Publication Year: 2003. Page Number: 3. [10] Rosenfeld, J. and Tardieu, B. (2002) Artisans of Democracy: How Ordinary People, Families in Extreme Poverty, and Social Institutions Become Allies to Overcome Social Exclusion. Journal Title: Social Theory and Practice. Volume: 28. Issue: 3. Publication Year: 2002. Page Number: 519+.

Comparison of the Portrayal of Nature in Blake and Wordsworth Essay

Comparison of the Portrayal of Nature in Blake and Wordsworth One of the most popular themes for Romantic poetry in England was nature and an appreciation for natural beauty. The English Romantic poets were generally concerned with the human imagination as a counter to the rise of science. The growing intellectual movement of the 18th and 19th centuries placed scientific thought in the forefront of all knowledge, basing reality in material objects. The Romantics found this form of world view to be restrictive. They felt that imagination was crucial to individual happiness. The imagination also provides a common human bond; a means of sympathy, of identification. However, the absence of imagination, the Romantics felt, would lead people to indifference and a false sense of being. The English Romantics accepted the reality of the link between man and nature in the form of the human imagination as the basis of human understanding, rejecting the scientific world view of materialism. The Romantics attempted to discover the hidden union between man a nd nature. Imagination is a force, or energy, that allows such a bond to be made. William Blake saw the human imagination as essential to human understanding of the world; he saw reality as a "mental construction." According to Blake, once the energy of imagination is used effectively to realize the connection between man and nature, the person gains freedom from the restraining bonds of uninspired thought. Humans bring meaning to nature in the form of imaginative thought. Self-imposed social and intellectual restrictions deprive humans of experiencing nature and the true human spirit. In Blake's Songs of innocence and Experience we have several poems which focus on nature. T... ...ded him comfort and enjoyment during the years of his absence, when he was stuck in the "din of towns and cities." For the rest of the poem, he ponders on the relationship he has had with this area, thinking about how his feelings about nature have changed since he was a child and how he can pass on his appreciation of the valley to his "dearest Friend", with whom he is exploring the river valley around the abbey. The specifics of the scene are important to Wordsworth, but their importance is primarily as an inspiration for the more philosophical ideas he presents throughout the poem. What Wordsworth names and represents as nature is the ruling power working tacitly and harmoniously, reconciling discordant elements, building up the mind and perhaps the cosmos itself. www.mattbrundage.com Wordsworth Lyrical ballads Blake - Songs of Innocence and Experience

Kaleidoscope Essay -- Descriptive Essays

Kaleidoscope â€Å"Some are transformed just once / And live their whole lives after in that shape. / Others have a facility for changing themselves as they please.† -Ovid It finds its way into my hands—the small kaleidoscope—a trinket my grandfather passes along to me after finding it at the bottom of his toolbox one afternoon. â€Å"Hold it up to the light, Lauren,† he advises me, upon witnessing my attempts to unlock the kaleidoscope’s magic by aiming it towards the shadowy pavement. With hands clasped, eyes squinted, and head cocked, I finally spot the colored chips, a glittering lattice of blue, green, and yellow, stagnantly arranged and defined. â€Å"Turn it, now,† my grandfather orders, smiling. Suddenly, the clear composition unravels. It becomes a moving color war, triangles and rectangles interacting, skirting around one another to form patterns that linger only fleetingly before changing again. I gasp, intrigued. â€Å"That’s the beautiful part,† my grandfather observes. â€Å"It’s beautiful when it’s turning.† The challenge of cleaning out my desk drawers in preparation for the move to New York results in my stumbling across an old coloring book. I leaf through the pages, startled by the number of pictures I’d left only partially colored. With quick, shaky movements, it seems as if I had simply jumped from shading one image to the next, as if there were something complete about leaving the figures incomplete. Sitting at my desk, fourteen years older, I laugh at my rendition of Big Bird, whose characteristically yellow feathers I had made blue and whose feet (I suppose I had decided) were altogether undeserving of color. And yet I get a sense that thi... ... of wholeness, but the acceptance that I’ll always be a work-in-progress that creates the satisfying illusion of completeness. Although ignorant of his own words, my grandfather has gotten it right: It is beautiful when it’s turning. We, as human beings, are not able to ossify what we perceive to be our â€Å"identity†; it will be forever changing—a kind of surreal, confounding, and complex reflection of our human experience. We possess innumerable facets, like little tubes of color that remain separate until some creative force removes all the caps and mixes them together. It is that mà ©lange that initiates a masterpiece of identity—a masterpiece that is ever changing and never quite finished, but fulfilling in its progression. And it is precisely this understanding that makes the next stroke of the brush a little bit clearer, the portrait itself a bit more revealing.

Legalizing Marijuana Essay -- social issues

Legalizing Marijuana The purpose of this paper is to discuss marijuana and compare both sides of the issue of legalizing marijuana. We have two factions fighting each other; one those who are pro marijuana and those who are anti marijuana. These two factions have been fighting on this issue on the halls of justice for years. Pro marijuana legalization groups such as the Physician's Association for AIDS Care, National Lymphoma Foundation argue that marijuana should be legalized in order to treat terminally ill patients. Among them are AIDS victims who find that marijuana stimulates their appetites so they can fight off dangerous emaciation; glaucoma sufferers who have used marijuana said it has prevented them from going blind, and cancer patients for whom it alleviates the severe nausea that is often accompanies chemotherapy and sometimes makes lifesaving treatment impossible. Due to all these lobbying groups which show substantial evidence that marijuana can be used as a prescribed drug. Also many advocates who are pro marijuana complain that morphine and cocaine are legal and are very dangerous drugs, that brings up the question why not legalize marijuana as medical drug which is proven to be less dangerous than cocaine and morphine. Lobbying groups in a San Diego, California , council committee unanimously voted to urge president Bill Clinton and congress to end federal restrictions against the use of marijuana for " legitiment medical use." City council women Ch...

Mini Essay on Shakespear Macbeth

Year 11A Callan Brombacher Mini Essay: Macbeth is a â€Å"tragic hero† or the â€Å"dead butcher†? Mrs. Dolman According to Aristotle’s view, a tragic hero is a lead character in literature that evokes a sense of pity from the audience. The character is virtuous and renowned but not entirely good. The hero has a fatal flaw that brings him his success and death. Through the course of the story, the hero commits a great wrong creating a shift from good fortune to bad. This is usually where the sense of pity (that the audience feels for the hero) stems from.At the end of the story the hero looses everything including his life. Macbeth is portrayed as a virtuous character in the opening scenes of â€Å"Macbeth†, by the use of diction and style. Shakespeare uses a laudatory style focused on Macbeth in the opening scenes displaying him as a renowned soldier. He uses the words â€Å"noble, brave, worthy† etcetera, to list some of Macbeth’s virtues. He uplifts Macbeth, by comments from the king such as: â€Å"O, valiant cousin! Worthy gentlemen! †Like all tragic heroes, Macbeth had a fatal flaw. His ambition was one of the reason’s he committed his great wrong. Lady Macbeth knew of his ambition and influenced him to kill Duncan. â€Å"Thou wouldst be great, Art not without ambition†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Macbeth, not entirely good himself, is prone to evil. Shakespeare demonstrates this by linking Macbeth to the witches through the use of the words â€Å"fair† and â€Å"foul†. â€Å"Fair is foul and foul is fair. † This phrase was mentioned by the witches. So foul and fair a day†¦. † This phrase was mentioned by Macbeth. Macbeth also expresses no fear for evil, as he shouts commands at the witches. â€Å"Speak, I charge you! † Macbeth’s fortune begins to change for the worse as the play continues. His Subjects become suspicious of him, and he begins to regret killing Duncan, a s it leads to a lack of sleep and insanity. â€Å"Better be with the dead, whom we, to gain our peace, have sent to peace, than on the torture of the mind to lie in restless ecstasy. †The audience feels a sense of pity for Macbeth due to the fact that he did not want to kill Duncan but his ambition and wife’s influence forced his hand. After Duncan’s death Macbeth feels guilt and remorse, wishing he had not committed the crime. In the final scenes of the play, Macbeth loses his wife and sanity, is over thrown and killed by Macduff. Macbeth displays all the characteristics of a tragic hero described by Aristotle, leading me to believe Macbeth is a tragic hero and not a dead butcher.

Ethics Paper Essay

Economist Milton Friedman said that â€Å"the only entities who can have responsibilities are individuals. A business cannot have responsibilities. So the question is, do corporate executives, provided they stay within the law, have responsibilities in their business activities other than to make as much money for their stockholders as possible? And my answer to that is no, they do not.[2]† Nowadays, this debate falls into the CSR, or also know as the â€Å"Corporate Social Responsibility† talk points. In [7] Cheers questions: â€Å"What is the business of business†? Should business attempt to solve social issues or should business merely exist to maximize shareholder wealth? My opinion is that corporations and public companies should focus on maximizing stockholder and shareholder wealth, while simultaneously relying on ethical principles. Further reading about Friedman’s conservative stance on business’ business, one can point out that Friedman is quite positive that the social responsibility of a business and the primary focus of those who run the business is to make profit [6]. In business there is a multitude of different scenarios. These scenarios are hardly similar and each of them requires different point of view, perspectives and methods of approach. Is this the right approach? From the other point of view, ethical issues should not be overlooked. As we move towards a more connected world, with social media slowly replacing mainstream news channels, where â€Å"green† is the word and technology of choice, where political correctness is more important than the essence of an issue, ethical mishaps can turn into a publicity nightmare for corporations. While, in my opinion, a lot of ethical and moral issues are overly inflated there are some that must be taken into account, since they directly relate to the business’ business: profits! In the world we live in I think it is fair to say that corporations can still pursue successful paths while pursuing several methods of social responsibilities. I want to focus on three methods.

English Settlement/Religious Tolerance Essay

The early English settlers in the United States were driven to establish a new society in the New World mainly for freedom of religion. During the 17th century, many European separatists seek for a new land to establish a colony. They settled into the New World where they can practice their worships freely. The Pilgrims are the first settlers arrived in the Plymouth Colony (Plymouth, Massachusetts). Since the political cloud of forbidding the kind of religion the pilgrims practice in the East Midlands of England (Netherlands), the religious worshippers was forced to settle outside their home (New World). The pilgrims arranged a voyage from the English investors to travel in the New World, establishing a new colony in North America. During their settlement in Plymouth, the early pilgrims experienced starvation, disasters and diseases. The pilgrims also experienced internal conflicts with the indigenous people. In 1607 and 1620, the English settlers were successful in establishing new colonies in United States, Jamestown, Virginia. It was through the Pilgrim Fathers which most of the United States culture has been derived. The Thanksgiving occasion, started from the early festivity of the pilgrims to give thanks for the things that one has at the conclusion of the harvest season (English Settlements 2007). The State Church During the (series of) settlements in the New World, England permitted only one church. Everyone was required to attend that church – if the English ruler is a protestant, then its citizens must be all protestant. The state church describes the government directs dictation of the kingdom’s religion (Cline 1). There was no freedom of religion in England in which, the ruler and the archbishop direct orders to every church in the kingdom. In return, any objections, questions and protests against the ruler and the state church, they were arrested, imprisoned and in extreme cases, killed. In those days, many people were tortured to give-up their religion, many died. Two major groups of believers (Puritan and Separatist) protested with the beliefs and practices of the state church. Puritan wanted reside in the church but wanted to reform its structure. Separatist wanted a total change in the state church. When James I (a Protestant and a Separatist) in the 1600s became the English ruler, opposed religious views was not permitted under the new king. Religious Tolerance In the United States (historically), religious toleration is permitted. Pilgrims settled in Plymouth, Quakers in Pennsylvania, and Roman Catholic settling in Maryland. In the New World, religious groups accept other forms of worship even they do not believed in it. The country does not persecute people from worshipping other beliefs aside from the state religion. Separatist Unlike in the Anglican Church (Church of England), separatist/pilgrims wanted to worship in a simple manner without any rituals. They believed there are so many things that must be changed in the Anglican Church. Therefore, the only possible way they can satisfy their beliefs is to separate from the Church of England. They consider other points of view, decide through the majority and believe in equal rights and responsibilities of each separatist. Their religion reflects the present democratic system of government practice in the United States. During their arrival in North America, the pilgrims were warmhearted, munificent, considerate and kind to the American Indians. In establishing their colony in Plymouth, they encourage the American Indians to settle in their colony. In return, the Indians help the early English (pilgrims) settlers on how to strive in the changing environment in that (Plymouth) place. The Indians taught the settlers how to hunt food, live in the cold environment of Plymouth and treat some of the illness present in the place. The pilgrims in return taught the Indians how to read, write, taught the English literatures, art, science and their religion (The Pilgrims 2007). Puritans Like the Pilgrims, puritans settled in Americas. They established a colony with schools, hospitals, government and churches. Puritans considered religion as complex and cerebral. Their form of government reflects authoritarianism. Unlike the pilgrims where they equally treat each individual, the puritans have a hierarchical perspective. They encourage the importance of education among children. Quakers The religious Society of Friends was a sect branching from Christianity. Like the other sects of Roman Catholic, Quakers disagreed to some of the practices in the religion. They separate from the old traditional religion and arrived in the Americas seeking for freedom of religion. Quakers believed in religious tolerance (Religious Society of Friends (QUAKERS): Quaker history 2007). Roman Catholics Roman Catholics believed in religious tolerance. Like the pilgrims, early Roman Catholics settling in England was force to establish a colony in the New World. Aside from gaining religious freedom in the New World the early Roman Catholics interests for economic opportunity and expansion of Christianity in Americas. The settlers were Spaniard colonists seeking for wealth, in vision of conquering vast lands in Americas as well as introducing Christian religion among the natives.

Slavery in “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” by Mark Twain Essay

Mark Twain had direct experience with the slavery that he described in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. When Mark Twain in 1884 / 1885 wrote his Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, describing a series of Mississippi river-town adventures experienced by a white boy, he created his novel in slavery time Missouri. During his writing, many influences prompted the author to examine the contemporary conditions of the black (Champion 54). From the novel the reader gathers a deep understanding of the meaning of living in a slave society in the period when slave trade was brisk. The person who reads Adventures of Huckleberry Finn does not come upon the discussion of slavery until Chapter Two, when Mark Twain describes how Huck and Tom spend their lives in a slaveholding society. The opening chapters contain what can be described as Tom Sawyer’s total experiences that make up his life. In these chapters the reader is led to see these circumstances and society as Tom Sawyer does. As a result, the slave Jim is illustrated mainly as a character to laugh at and play jokes and tricks on, and slavery is introduced as a normal and logical phenomenon. From this perspective, Jim is naive and disposed to believe in superstition – a humorous story character rather than a human being with ability to feel deeply and have thoughts and ideas. As Huck and Jim go beyond the social world of Tom Sawyer and have a good time alone together on the bank of the river, Jim begins to cast off the comic characteristics. It is as if Mark Twain begins portraying Jim through Huck’s observation rather than Tom’s observation. As Huck increasingly considers Jim as a more and more complex person with ideas and the conscious mind, Jim is described to the reader as less of a person who is comic. Jim’s deep human world is described in particular in his harrowing sense of deep regret over striking his deaf daughter, his statement that Huck is his only true friend, his feeling of happiness at discovering Huck alive after the loss in the fog, and the preaching he gives Huck for playing the last joke on him.  When Tom Sawyer once more appears in the scene in the Phelps situations, however, Jim again is pictured as if reflection of the powerful consciousness of Tom Sawyer; in the end Jim is again a character to laugh at, an o bject used for humorous purposes. The circumstances that lead up to describe Jim in slavery continue to be set in Chapter Four, as Huck, being an outsider in this system of human organizations almost like Jim, goes to Jim for advice about his future when he has suspicion that Pap may have come back. In contrast to the views having a high state of culture and social development that Tom Sawyer gets from books, Huck and Jim are alike in depending on folk knowledge, irrational beliefs that are given little credibility in this cultured civilization. The decisive scene that sets the stage for an escape from slavery is Pap’s long angry speech against the political authority and black folk in Chapter Six. Pap, in all his lack of knowledge and meanness, rails against free black human beings who are courageous enough to try to dress in a white shirt, can communicate in several languages, and are teachers in a college. This statement, uttered by a man who is extremely unpleasant, sadistic, overwhelmed by strong negative emotion, proud of his ignorance, and decided that his son will remain unable to read and write, is the reader’s first hint that Mark Twain’s sympathies are not with the slaveholding civilized classes. The signs that the reader’s sympathy is directed to Jim rather than to the society that enslaved him come into view early in the novel in the common characteristics between Jim and Huck. The reader observes here a parallel thematic progress in the destiny of the white boy and the black man, both of whom are casting off shackles that restrict their freedom. As Jim, the black man presented as possession by a human society, breaks free from confinements of slavery, so Huck, the white boy who has always been a vagabond, breaks free from confinements of his own enslavement in the roughly built hut. Moreover, both Huck and Jim are escaping from the same woman, Miss Watson. And both make their escape simultaneously. The emotional  attachment between the runaway boy and the runaway slave is born instantly as they join their forces for common freedom. The scene when they meet with each other on Jackson’s Island gives rise to uneasiness that comes again and again to the mind of Huck throughout the story, one he never resolves in his thoughts: tension between the values of civilization instilled by forceful and insistent repetition – the law, the legalized moral standards of the slaveholding social organizations (the fairness of which he never puts to question) – and his natural intuition to communicate with Jim kindly as with a close friend. The voice that says him to do what societal norms require, more exactly, to turn Jim in, is the voice he calls his sense of right that governs his thoughts and actions. To the end of the novel, he sees his desire to defend Jim from trouble as his own state of being weak – the attitude that makes him make decision, at last, that he can never be well-mannered and civilized. This inner conflict is seed when Jim and Huck first meet with each other on Jackson’s Island. When Jim, in all likelihood for his own safety, somewhat in hesitation explains that he has escaped from the control of Miss Watson, Huck really experiences surprise that Jim has broken the rules of society. But Huck, who has already earlier broken the law himself, has assured Jim that he would not tell anyone, even, he said, if â€Å"people would call me a low down Abolitionist† (50). Every family with which Huck is familiar seems to possess slaves. Not only Miss Watson had slaves, but the Grangerfords, the Wilkses, and the Phelpses too. Well, you see, it ‘uz dis way. Ole missus – dat’s Miss Watson – she pecks on me all de time, en treats me pooty rough, but she awluz said she wouldn’ sell me down to Orleans. But I noticed dey wuz a nigger trader roun’ de place considable lately, en I begin to git oneasy. Well, one night I creeps to de do’ pooty late, en de do’ warn’t quite shet, en I hear old missus tell de widder she gwyne to sell me down to Orleans, but she didn’ want to, but she could git eight hund’d dollars for me, en it ‘uz sich a big stack o’ money she couldn’ resis’. De widder she try to git her to say she wouldn’t do it, but I never waited to hear de res’. I lit out mighty quick, I tell  you (50). Jim’s statement that explains why he ran away, as well as Huck’s discussion about the abolitionists puts the novel in the historical developments of its time. At that time people had the view of the slave as property; accidentally separated members of slave families; slave traders did not consider slaves as human beings. The slave owners often had uncertain financial situation, which often led them to treat their â€Å"property† brutally. Slave feared to be sold further south – to New Orleans – to become a property of a new master and work on a large plantation. Abolitionists who made efforts to end slavery were disliked intensely by citizens in general. Slaves had the unceasing hope that he or she would some day be able to run away and make money sufficient to redeem the members of his or her family. All these historical elements became the driving themes of the novel. Being familiar with the episodes of life in slavery, Mark Twain shows that Jim’s desire to run away has three factors: he is separated from his family; he becomes aware of Miss Watson’s intentions to sell him down south; and he is full of resolution to buy the separated members of his family and make them free. In the case if masters of his family members refuse to sell them , then , Jim claims , he will ask for the help of abolitionists The clash between morality, legality and region, especially as it about slavery and property, is seen throughout all of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The idea that one person can really own another, human body and spirit, is given strength to not only by the legal rules governing society and the state, but by the practices and doctrines of the church as well. Slavery became a firm way of life and had a substantive effect on the fundamental values, manners, and a way of living of the nation. WORKS CITED _The Critical Response to Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn_, Ed. Laurie Champion (New York: Greenwood Press, 1991),65. _The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn_, Mark Twain. P. F. Collier & Son Company: New York, 1918.

Linen textile Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Linen textile - Research Paper Example However, most of the finds of early flax cultivation relate to the Iron Age. They show that perennial narrow-leafed flax was cultivated all across Europe as far as Scandinavia. (Gunnsdottir). In ancient Egypt, Flax was grown on a large scale in the 4th millennium BC. Ancient Egyptians used Flax for making gowns and tunics. The fine bandages with which, the mummies were wrapped were also made of Flax fibers. Its frequent use by ancient Egyptians could be attributed to its extremely fine quality and durability. â€Å"Amazingly enough, when the tomb of Pharaoh Ramesses II, who died in 1213 BC, was discovered in 1881, his linen wrappings were in a state of perfect preservation† (World Linen). Likewise, the linen curtains in King Tut’s tomb had not warped away a bit. Textile industry was the main promoter of the economy of Egypt during the Islamic period. Tennis and Alexandria provided linen fabrics to the Byzantine Empire. Linen tunics were worn by people of ancient Greece. Summer tunics of ancient Romans were also commonly made of linen. Linen was largely employed as a clothing staple in the middle ages. Most of the undergarments were made in linen since it wa s comfortable to wear and felt cool and light to wear. It was also easily washable. Linen was also woven at home for making dresses for women. Flax was brought to Europe, America and India as trade routes expanded. Linen was used in a whole range of ways in the past and is still an extremely stylish and luxurious fabric. Some of the most frequently used types of linen were butchers’ linen, heavy bleached linen and damask. Today, linen is used for making both ordinary and fashion wear. In the contemporary age, France, China, Belgium, and Holland are the four prime producers of the linen textile. They have been named here in order of their production level with France producing the largest amount of linen and Holland producing the least of the four. On a yearly basis, France produced 64000 tons of

Ethical dilmma Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ethical dilmma - Assignment Example Let us take an example to clarify the importance of ethics in marketing. Classic Technologies is a firm, which manufactures electric products, such as, washing machines, microwave ovens, and juicers. The company is based in Philadelphia and for the time being carries out its business operations only in Philadelphia. A few months ago, the company launched its marketing campaign for a comparatively low priced newly manufactured washing machine. To attract the customers, the managers of the company introduced a one get one free scheme. The scheme was that if a customer buys a washing machine, the company would provide the customer with a free juicer machine of the same quality. A large number of customers opted to buy the washing machines. However, the company could not live up to the expectations of the customers because the juicer machines, which the company used to provide to the customers, were of very low and compromising quality. The customers trusted the company’s words, b ut they were hurt badly because of the quality, which the company provided to the customers. The ethical issue involved in this example was that the company should have provided the customers with excellent quality as promised but the company went against marketing ethics, which not only resulted in customer dissatisfaction but also affected the image of the company. Works Cited Smith, Scott.

The Learning Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Learning Organization - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that the paradigm shift in theory of management that resulted in the introduction of the Learning Organization is the shift of focus from mere â€Å"learning† to the â€Å"process of learning†. We now have a structured understanding not only of what we learn and how it can be applied but also how it is learned and communicated. As the rest of this paper endeavors to show, organizations also exhibit specific patterns of cognition, communication and evolution – with profound consequences for their economic output and vitality. This discussion highlights that it is perhaps best to start with an example. That the Japanese automakers have posed a serious threat to their American counterparts is common knowledge. Japanese cars have demonstrated greater efficiency and has generally been welcomed by the American Public. Not surprisingly, Japanese cars have been scrupulously examined by American engineers to decipher the secret of their performance. In one such test, it was found that a particular engine model was assembled with a set of three different bolts in America while the Japanese used only a single bolt standard. Each type of standard required a different type of wrench, complicating the inventory and incrementing the cost. It was found that this was because the American model was designed by three different teams of engineers while the Japanese model was entirely designed by one designer. Interestingly, this seemingly trivial action could have gone completely undetected though each of the three American teams were satisfied with their individual performance. It was not merely the lack of communication that resulted in the above complication. The fundamental breakdown of the American system of production was the lack of an integrated approach to design, production and testing.

Homer argues thaat human victory over desire is possible because Essay

Homer argues thaat human victory over desire is possible because - Essay Example (Barnouw, 1) Unlike other Gods, Homer chooses to remain mortal and in such a life he has to face number of challenges and situations where he has to choose between his desire and his duty. His biggest challenge was the resistance of temptation. The first temptation he and his men had to face was while encountering sweet lotus plant. â€Å"They fell in, soon enough, with Lotos Eaters, who showed no will to do us harm, only offering the sweet Lotos to our friends...† (IX. 98-100) They thought if they ate the plant it was not a bad idea, but to resist the plant was a much wiser option. â€Å"†¦but those who ate this honeyed plant, the Lotos, never cared to report, nor return: they longed to stay forever, browsing on that native bloom, forgetful of their homeland† (IX. 101-104). Homer not only resisted this tempting plant but also forced his soldiers to get back into the ship, when he said, â€Å" I forced them, eyes full of tears, into our hollow ships, dragged them underneath the rowing benches, and tied them up†. (IX. 105-107) Yet another temptation they had to face was Seirenes. She would try to lure men with her beauty and music, â€Å"Square in your ship’s path are Seirenes, crying beauty to bewitch men coasting by...† (XII. 101-104) If men are not able to show their resistance towards Seirenes, they could fell into her clutches and no body could save them from death. â€Å"Woe to the innocent who hears that sound! He will not see his lady nor his children in joy, crowding about him, home from sea; the Seirenes will sing his mind away on their sweet meadow lolling†¦(XII. 50-54)† Sirens also tried to tempt Odysseus when she said that, â€Å"Come this way, honored Odysseus, great glory of the Achaeans, and stay your ship, so that you can listen here to our singing; for no one else has ever sailed past this place in his black ship until he has listened to the honey-sweet voice that issues from our lips; then goes on well pleased knowing more than ever he did; for we

Key Motivating Factors for CSR reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Key Motivating Factors for CSR reporting - Essay Example This research tells that the role of sustainable business practices has become the key component of corporate governance that incorporates social aspect within the broader framework of business goals and objectives. GRI is the important institution that helps to develop the framework of sustainability reporting that has the major impact on people. The various imperatives and drivers of changes motivate business to develop corporate social responsibility and sustainability report an intrinsic part of business strategy. Jones and Jones state that CSR actions are initiatives of companies to ‘further some social good beyond its own interests’ that have the long-term impact on their performance. Globalization influenced business decisions. Sirgy asserts that globalization is ‘the diffusion of goods, services, capital, technology, and people (workers) across national borders’. This has resulted in more competition and require the good image of companies. To stop s candals like Enron and WorldCom, transparency in corporate governance is needed. Corporate governance emphasizes accountability, responsibility, and transparency through good practice in business. Turnbull Report also says that risk management, internal control etc. are extremely important issues as they reflect ‘sound business practices’. Nature has limited resources like air, water, land and mineral resources. The indiscriminate use of natural resources resulted in fast depletion and therefore businesses must use technology and processes that promote environmental conservation and preservation. In the current times, people have become more aware of the environment, social issues and about other brands. Companies need become more active in responding to social issues like environment, diversity and contribute towards the socio-economic development of the society which is helping them to do business.

Concert Report on Smokey Robinson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Concert Report on Smokey Robinson - Essay Example The NYCB Theater is among the top music theaters in New York City. Being among the most famous venues for music festivals in the country, the NYCB Theater was in a good position to host the Smokey Robinson’s concert in New York. Firstly, the theater is more spacious than most music theaters in the US. This indicates that the NYCB Theater was the only theater capable of hosting an event of such a caliber as the Smokey concert. Smokey Robinson has many fans from within New York City and other major cities across the country. The attendance at the theater clearly demonstrated how Smokey Robinson is popular among his followers. The attendance of his show proved that R&B music is still popular among American despite previous claims that R&B song are losing ground to other music genres such as hip hop. This is due to the number R&B stars that are currently switching to hip-hop and rock music. Major R&B singers such as Whitney Houston have redone some of their songs in hip-hop in ord er to incorporate the preferences of the American society. The concert proved to me that R&B music still has many fans within the country. Musial theater performance is not like any other performance. I had previously come across this fact through my studies on theater and performances. Unlike other theater performances, musical theater performance can be described as a two-way performance. This indicates that a successful performance will depend on the effort of the performer and the audience. A musician performing on stage requires the response of the audience in order to achieve successful delivery. This response will include appraisal by the crowd and positive response of the audience. A performer will also prefer an audience that joins him or her in the performance. This will involve situations where a musician allows the audience to sing certain segment of his song or dance rhythmically to his song. I had learnt the theoretical concept on the importance of a responsive audienc e but I had not had a real life experience of such scenarios. The concert therefore presented me with an opportunity to verify the importance of a responsive audience to a performance. During the performance, I also had the opportunity to verify the effect that the audience have on the artist. Robinson opened the concert with his hit song Miracle that got the whole auditorium into shouts and screams of joy. Everyone who present in the theatre wanted to be next to Robinson as possible. If it was also possible, some people could have joined the superstar on the stage. However, the theater was so fully packed with fans and therefore, joining him on the stage was not possible. During this time, I discovered that Smokey is not only a songwriter and a performer, but also has a good background on crowd psychology. Similarly, he was well versed with the fact that the success of performer depends on the attitude of the audience. Smokey therefore utilized the first minutes of his performance trying to get the audience into the same tempo as his ensemble. The performer also utilized these crucial moments trying to make the audience anxious about his performance and the expectations of the show. His hit song â€Å"Miracle† compensated his expectations for the performance. During the performance, I realized that this song has many fans and, it is among his most famous song from his last album. After singing the first few lines of the song

Greenhouse Gas Emission Scenario Research Paper

Greenhouse Gas Emission Scenario - Research Paper Example The causes or factors that amount to the emergence of Greenhouse Gas effect in different countries can be enumerated as follows. It is observed that human activities tend to be significantly contributed in the large scale emission of greenhouse gases in developed countries like United States. In United States, the activities are related to the generation of electricity, logistics and transportation activities, real estate activities pertaining to residential and commercial, agricultural activities and also the clearing of forests for generation of arable land (Sedorovich, 2008). Generation of electricity from a large amount of fossil fuels like burning of coal and natural gas and also conducting of transportation activities through use of fossil fuel and petroleum resources tend to contribute to the growth of greenhouse emissions. Production, manufacturing, residential and commercial and also the rearing of livestock, account for the generation of greenhouse gasses in United States. The percentage contribution of each of the above factors to the greenhouse emissions in United States is reflected as follows. Trend analysis of the greenhouse emission levels reflect that from 1990 the rise in the emission levels of greenhouse gases is observed to rise by around 5 percent at the end of the 2012 period. The rise in the emission levels of greenhouse gases is observed to gain a little reduction during the 2012 periods compared to that of the 2011 periods owing to change in practices.

A play Dennis Potter Essay Example for Free

A play Dennis Potter Essay Blue remembered hills is a play Dennis Potter. The title is taken from the poem Shropshire lad by A. E Houseman. It challenges the perception that childhood is innocent and that all children are pure and nice. One of the ways he does this is by using adults to play children so the unrealisticness of the play forces adults to focus on the meaning of everything going on in the play. The main meaning of the play is focused around the mindless cruelty of war and how this affects children living through it. The style of the play is flared narration. The play was originally a television play for the BBC in 1979. it was set in rural west country. For our play we are using bright lights to show that we are outside. We are also going to have some stones and sticks on the floor to play with to help us show the kids restlessness and constant movement. Could kick them etc. the setting is rural and in 1943 during the 2nd world war, this has affected the children a lot. There is a lot of racist speak about the Ities and the Japs. Then there are the games, also war related. Most of the games revolve around guns and violence. Lastly there is a lot of bragging that the boys do about what they are going to do in the army. In this essay I am also going to refer to my mother said I never should by charlotte Keatley and gum and goo by Howard Brenton. Charlotte Keatley was a feminist writer. My mother said I never should was first performed in 1087. In 1987 there were stronger roles for women and more active feminist movements in society. The play represents the plight of women and how women were treated in society, both by men and each other. The scene where the women are talking about menstrual cramps or the curse as they call it contrasts directly yet is similar to when the boys are talking about the war in blue remembered hills. Both plays show children discussing taboo subjects in an open and careless way. Howard Brenton play gum and goo was first performed in 1969. Adults didnt understand learning difficultys as well as they do now, in 1006. Ignorance leads to prejudice and eventually tragedy in gum and goo. This play is about an autistic girl who invents two friends, gum and goo, this character links directly to Raymond in blue remembered hills who has learning difficulties, maybe similar, but less severe to Michelles autism. . All three plays have adults playing children. This creates an objective distance so the unreality of the play is so obvious it doesnt allow the audience to get absorbed into the play. This was the audience is forced to concentrate on the issues and the challenged perceptions of childhood.

Winter versus Summer Driving Essay Example for Free

Winter versus Summer Driving Essay Winter driving is vastly different from summer driving. A different set of driving skills is required in the winter due to extreme weather conditions. Winter is by far the hardest season for drivers to navigate, while the summer is the easiest. This essay will compare and contrast winter and summer driving to show that winter is the most technically difficult. Winter and summer driving are similar in that both seasons require one to get behind the wheel of a vehicle. The basic driving decisions are always the same no matter what the season. One must always signal appropriately, pay attention to traffic and other drivers around, and generally concentrate on getting from one point to another. Winter and summer driving are very different in the types of weather conditions present. In the summer, there is generally less rain and snow to make the roadway conditions hazardous. With dry pavement, cars and drivers respond quicker to situations, avoiding accident potentials. In the winter, rain and snow make the roads slick and less forgiving in dangerous situations. Even if a driver is attentive, winter conditions may cause a vehicle to spin out of control at the slightest touch of the brakes. Winter drivers must be more cautious of distance between cars in case one needs to stop quickly. Winter drivers may also have to contend with frost and condensation on the windows of cars. Both can decrease visibility and reduce driver awareness. Summer is generally warmer and dryer, reducing the chance of frost and condensation problems. All in all, summer driving is more forgiving than winter driving. Weather conditions in the winter can render roadways very dangerous, requiring increased driver skill. The summer roadways are less wet and icy than winter roads, allowing drivers to avoid potential threats much quicker with less reaction time. Winter driving requires higher reaction times, larger technical skill, and a higher level of vehicle maintenance for optimal driving conditions.

An Ethical Evaluation of Product Placement

An Ethical Evaluation of Product Placement Product placement is the way in which brands are placed into non-advertising media like computer games, books, popular songs and stage plays for e.g. sponsored animations for the promotion of Cadburys chocolate placed in the UK TV soap Coronation Street after the opening titles and after and before the commercial breaks; this is affecting the children and luring them to buy the Cadbury chocolate because small children cannot differentiate that this is an add. It is a growing phenomenon in market, which has received relatively little attention from business ethicists. In marketing at the macro level, there are issues of sustainability and waste of resources through overconsumption by fostering greed and materialism. Marketing operates at the hub of wealth creation; it attracts a lot of the general criticism directed at capitalism concerning the erosion of natural resources and the destruction of the environment. At micro level, it attracts a lot of criticisms for specific cases of dec eit or cheating, such as misleading/inappropriate food labels or differential price advertising. There is widespread criticism of marketing practices promoting products that are harmful to health, like high-fat and high-salt foods, cigarettes and alcohol. UK has made Ofcom(Office of Communication) to make the laws regarding product placement in a way described above.The code includes a section on Commercial references and other matters. Within this section, three principles are specified (under Section 10): (1) broadcasters must maintain full editorial control over programmed content, (2)editorial and advertising must be clearly separated, and (3) product placement is prohibited (http://www.ofcom.org.uk/tv/ifi/codes/bcode/commercial/). Product placement and conventional marketing ethics Ethical evaluation of marketing practices has generally used three major strands of moral philosophy, utilitarianism, deontology and virtue ethics (Robin Reidenbach 1987). We are discussing 2 of them. A utilitarian evaluation of marketing is mainly to focus on its usefulness to society, the fact that at a micro level, it aids mutual exchanges between producers and consumers, while at a macro level, it enables the society to enjoy the benefits of the division of labor. The ethical concerns of consumers regarding product placement fit into this category product placement of guns and cigarettes, for example, may be seen as unethical by some consumers. A utilitarian evaluation may well come to the conclusion that product placement is indeed, an ethical practice. This is under the reasoning that the increased sales are the signs of customer satisfaction as can be reasonably assumed at least for cases of explicit product placement. On the other hand, there is the risk that increased product placement might, undermine the quality of mediated entertainment and information,, thus reducing social, utility even when it increases economic utility. Virtue ethics may provide the greatest critique of product placement because it focuses on the intentions and the character of the person initiating the action rather than the ethical status of the act itself. By evaluating the virtual ethics in product placement ome points which can be drawn are in marketing, legality must be the main criterion for judging the ethical status of the motive.A marketing campaign done for the consumers who are well informed and who know that this is a type of advertisement differs in ethical terms from advertising to children who cannot distinguish between TV programs, games, songs and advertising. If many consumers are aware about the technique of product placement, then it will have very less effect ethically. Many young consumers indeed know about the nature and extent of product placement as it occurs in movies, TV shows and other entertainment products. But the extent to which even an intelligent audience is aware of a product placement communication while they are just enjoying the dramatic entertainment is very difficult to establish. Many consumers will say that they are not influenced by advertising, but this claim seems no more credible than the claim of knowing about product placement as a marketing technique, it does not immune one to deception. Hence, there is a need for an ethical analysis that deals with product placement, which again can apply a utilitarian, a deontological and a virtue ethics perspective; except this it also needs to consider situation-specific factors that arise from the nature of the product, the degree of consumer knowledge, the implication of, market segmentation strategies, the intention, of the marketer and, the intrinsic honesty of, the method of persuasion used.