Uncertainty Reduction Theory Essay - 4674 Words

Abstract This paper deals with uncertainty reduction theory from its origin to date. Ever since uncertainty reduction theory was first created, many researchers have examined it by comparing it with other theories. Uncertainty reduction theory had been tested across different cultures in order to confirm its generalizability. It had also been applied to real life situations to examine how individuals interact in their initial encounters with strangers. In addition, researchers suggested testing uncertainty reduction theory beyond initial encounters rather than strangers. Finally, criticisms were provided for potential future studies. Introduction Uncertainty reduction theory was created by Charles Berger in 1975. This theory†¦show more content†¦The intimacy level of communication content is inversely related to information seeking (T12) and reciprocity rate (T13) and is positively related to liking (T14) and similarity (T15). Information seeking is positively related to reciprocity rate (T16) and is negatively related to liking (T17) and similarity (T18). Reciprocity rate is inversely related to liking (T19) and similarity (T20). Similarity and liking (T21) are positively related. Uncertainty reduction theory could be applied to long-term relationships as well as initial encounter (Berger, 1979). Berger presented that uncertainty may happen on two different levels: behavioral and cognitive. He stated that reducing uncertainty in behavior increases the predicting ability of how a person will act when he/she is facing a situation. In the mean time, cognitive uncertainty affects the ability to explain the main rational reasons for that certain action. Clatterbuck (1979) tested the hypotheses derived from the axioms of uncertainty reduction theory in order to offer a means of operationalizing uncertainty in initial interactions through measures of attributional confidence. The process of reducing uncertainty is divided into two interactive processes: retroactive attribution (explanation) and proactive attribution (prediction). When individuals have adequate information whichShow MoreRelatedUncertainty Reduction Theory3285 Words   |  14 Pagesnumber of uncertainties; some small and miniscule, such as meeting a student next to you in a classroom, while others life-changing and pivotal, including switching careers or becoming a parent. As each new unpredictable day arises, uncertainty fills the air, constantly swarming one’s emotions and daily interactions. While factors of uncertainty revolve around routinely aspects, Charles Berger and Richard Calabrese (1975) narrowed their focus and devised a theory specifically on unc ertainty and interpersonalRead MoreUncertainty Reduction Theory Essay685 Words   |  3 PagesThe Uncertainty Reduction Theory states that before and during initial interactions between two people, ones first instinct is to reduce uncertainty about the other through various methods. For example, when you see someone you think you would like to know, you try and figure out what they are like through various methods so you can control the conversation and steer it into a path that the other person finds interesting. There are a few methods, or strategies, of figuring out what the other personRead MoreThe Uncertainty Reduction Theory And The Face Negotiation Theory1756 Words   |  8 PagesDuring the course of this paper two communication theories will be reviewed and analyzed. The two theories will first be introduced, followed by comparing and contrasting the implications, assumptions and concepts of both theories. The two communication theories that have been chosen are the Uncertainty Reduction Theory and the Face Negotiation Theory. The theories were not chosen randomly, they were chosen because they both deal with how individuals perceive one another, as well as themselves, inRead MoreEssay on A Critique of Bergers Uncertainty Reduction Theory901 Words   |  4 PagesA Critique of Bergers Uncertainty Reduction Theory How do people get to know each other? Bugs Bunny likes to open up every conversation with the question, Whats up Doc? Why does he do this? Is Bugs Bunny uncertain? Lets explore this idea of uncertainty. Shifting focus now to college students. As many other college students at Ohio University, I am put into situations that make me uncertain of my surroundings almost every time I go to a class for the first time, a group meeting, or socialRead MoreUncertainty Reduction Theory â€Å"the Vow† and â€Å"Meet the Parents†1720 Words   |  7 PagesUncertainty Reduction Theory â€Å"The Vow† and â€Å"Meet the Parents† Uncertainty reduction theory is â€Å"the point of view that uncertainty motivates communication and that certainty reduces the motivation to communicate† (Wood, definition). This theory was first developed by Charles Berger. He believed that when people are to meet for the first time they have a high level of uncertainty and the only way for them to reduce it is to communicate with one another. â€Å"They don’t know what each other likesRead MoreAnalysis of the Uncertainty Reduction Theory on Interpersonal Communication1521 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of the Uncertainty Reduction theory on interpersonal communication Through this paper I will conduct an analysis of the uncertainty reduction theory and will then apply it to my own experience here in Colorado university. This theory has been subject to many articles and studies in the communication and social departments. Indeed, studying this theory can help us understanding human relations in interpersonal communication. Each of us has been one day confronted to uncertainty, whereas inRead MoreA First Look At Communication Theory : Ninth Edition ( 2015 ) And Charles Bergers Uncertainty Reduction Theory2032 Words   |  9 Pagessurrounded by uncertainty and change in our everyday life even if we do not realize it. Meeting new people is not always easy but fortunately there are a few ways that you can cope with this uncertainty. Our book A first look at Communication Theory: Ninth Edition (2015) and Charles Berger’s Uncertainty Reduction Theory he states that (URT) focuses on how human communication is used to gain knowledge and create understanding. This paper will narrow in on the topic of ways to cope with uncertainty in a friendshipRead MoreThe Uncertainty Reduction Theory Of Uncertainty1395 Words   |  6 Pages The uncertainty reduction theory describes when individuals who are defined as strangers engage in their first conversation when communication uncertainties are bound to occur. When strangers encounter for the first time, they are worried about the increasing certainty to make sense of their first communication occurrence even before the actual communication process takes place. When strangers have a first-time occurrence of communicating, their conversation is just trying to make sense of theirRead MoreUncertainty Reduction Theory1967 Words   |  8 PagesJonathan Quinones Literature Review Paper Comm 306 Uncertainty Reduction Theory Uncertainty is an unpleasant feeling and because of this feeling, people are motivated to reduce this uncertainty by means of communication. Uncertainty reduction theory (URT) was developed to describe the interrelationships in any type of communication exchange using seven factors: verbal communication, nonverbal expressiveness, information-seeking behavior, intimacy, reciprocity, similarity, and liking (BergerRead MoreUncertainty Reduction Theory3317 Words   |  13 Pagesfirst time, their primary thought is one of uncertainty. These doubts are natural, as the two attempt to predict the outcome of the initial encounter. Charles Berger founded this theory of Uncertainty Reduction, and defines it as, â€Å"When people meet, their primary concern is to reduce uncertainty about each other and their relationship. As verbal output, nonverbal warmth, self-disclosure, similarity, and shared communication networks increase uncertainty decreases, and vice versa. Information seeking

Narrative Techniques Used in Pride and Prejudice Essay

Throughout this passage from Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen utilises various narrative techniques. These include dialogic qualities (showing) and the use of third person narrative including focalisation and free indirect speech (telling). Both showing and telling work on different levels to further the reader’s interpretation of different characters and give meaning to the novel as a whole. The use of dialogue allows the reader to engage in conversations between characters, thus adding drama to the novel and also giving an insight into the personalities of those speaking. In comparison, the use of telling permits the reader to observe the unspoken, private thoughts of characters and often allows for a deeper analysis of the novel. The†¦show more content†¦This technique of showing allows the reader to become more involved with the character’s feelings and provokes the reader into a response. In unison with the first paragraph, Elizabeth’s prejudice against Darcy is clearly visible. The numerous exclamation marks used by Elizabeth displays how strong her feelings against Darcy are and Austen’s choice of language ‘hate, misfortune, evil’ all emphasise further the negative light in which she views him. This considerable prejudice against Darcy is pivotal to the novel’s plot. The use of free indirect speech within the passage can be seen shortly after the dialogue between Elizabeth and Charlotte when Charlotte whispers to Elizabeth ‘not to be a simpleton and allow her fancy for Wickham to appear unpleasant in the eyes of a man ten times his consequence. The effect of presenting this in narrative form rather than direct speech gives the sense of generalized opinion and through hearing these words through the narrative voice, we as a reader are more likely to trust and see truth in Charlotte’s words as we trust the narrator more than any character. Of course, as the novel develops, we learn how true these words actually are. The words spoken by Charlotte are of common opinion throughout the novel and are in keeping to the time period in which it is set. The idea of men being judged by their material possessions and wealth is frequently demonstrated throughoutShow MoreRelatedWuthering Heights And Prejudice By Emily Bronte And Jane Austen922 Word s   |  4 Pagesirony and narrative perspective are all techniques used in Wuthering Heights and Pride and Prejudice, to draw attention to social class. The setting in both novels is a technique used to illustrate how class creates conflict between the characters and to symbolise class system through the many estates within the novels. Symbolism such as transport and the characters dress is used to draw attention to the class system. The use of dialogue, indirect characterization, irony and tone is used to show theRead MoreAnalysis of Chapter 11 of Pride and Prejudice Essay786 Words   |  4 PagesChapter 11 of Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen opens with two lines from the third person, or omniscient narrator, who is focalizing through Elizabeth Bennett. Focalizing, meaning that it is the narrators voice that speaks, but we see through the eyes of the characters, gives us the chance to understand the characters without direct dialogue. By telling us that Elizabeth was growing m ore angry but trying to compose herself (Pride and Prejudice, p148) you start to understand that somethingRead MorePride And Prejudice By Jane Austen1399 Words   |  6 PagesPride and Prejudice The novel Pride and Prejudice written by Jane Austen is a satirical depiction of the social life and atmosphere of eighteenth and nineteenth century England, which at the time was predominantly concerned with the courtship customs of the English gentry. The novel, through Austen’s ironic and subtle writing style, is far more than just a romantic comedy, since it skillfully addresses and combines the political, economic, philosophical and feminist themes of its periodRead MoreGraduation Speech - Original Writing893 Words   |  4 Pagesprogress I have made. Writing each paper was a journey on its own. My favorite was the narrative essay. Although it wasn’t my best paper, I really enjoyed writing it. It was the least difficult to write because the topic was about me. I enjoyed retelling the story of the most incredible adventure I took part in. I used a big portion of my narrative in my college essay during application season. I cleverly titled my narrative â€Å"Wanderlust†, meaning a strong desire to travel. The expository paper was basicallyRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1767 Words   |  8 PagesIn Jane Austen s Pride and Prejudice, letters are used to indicate a change in direction of the plot or to form narrative crisis points. Jane Austen successfully weaves her letters into the natural narrative of the dialogue and description. It is suggested that Jane Austen developed her epistolary mode of writing from many other 18th Century authors.The definition of the epistolary is Novel told through letters written by one or more of the characters. It presents an intimate view of theRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pagesbecome an iconic character, serving as a source of inspiration to various social and cultural movements. This essay aims to trace the development of Nora’s behavior from a â€Å"female doll† to a â€Å"woman rebel† by focusing on Ibsen’s use of linguistic techniques. First of all, the development of Nora’s personality is portrayed with much intricacy and subtlety. When Nora first appears, she seems childish and impulsive, described by the stage direction as someone who ‘slips the bag of macaroons in her pocketRead MoreVowel and British Poetry Assignment784 Words   |  4 Pagescarry equal marks. Section I 1. In what ways can we look at fiction as history? Give suitable examples. 20 Section I1 How does Fieldings social consciousness affect his point of view in Tom Jones? 20 Discuss the use of humour in Pride and Prejudice. 20 Wuthering Heights can be viewed as a conflict between the savage and the civilized. Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer. 20 How does Great Expectations highlight sociological problems in relation to an individualsRead MoreIn Langston Hughes â€Å"I, Too, Sing America†. Langston Hughes,1352 Words   |  6 Pagesthe nameless speaker cements his voice as a strong patriot and proclaims â€Å"I, Too Sing America†. He uses a standalone sentence with a method called end-stopping, a poetic technique that allows the reader to pause to reflect on the line’s intended meaning. The speaker s use of end–stops functions as a confident declaration of pride as he presents himself as an American citizen. Additionally, the speaker states â€Å"too† which showcases his desires for inclusion and participation in the fabric of AmericanRead More A Comparison of Charles Dickens and Jane Austen Essay2446 Words   |  10 Pageswould make a lasting impression on the literary world for generations. Hard Times, often referred to as Dickens’ ‘Industrial novel’ and Austen’s Pride and Prejudice have been much read and well-loved classics for many years. It is the purpose of this essay to compare and contrast the different worlds depicted in both Hard Times and Pride and Prejudice. It will also look at the literary development between the early and late nineteenth-century. The essay will end with the examination of the Read MoreLangston Hughes and the Civil Rights Movement.1725 Words   |  7 Pagesblack America. It is out of this environment that Langston Hughes developed. In 1926, professor Alain Locke (1969) observed, The younger generation is vibrant with a new psychology, which was shown by a shift from ...social disillusionment to race pride. Locke noted that this new psychology rejected the old stereotypes of black aunties, uncles, and mammies and substituted instead self-respect, self-dependence, and racial unity, and much of that is the core of Hughes writings. Emerging from social

Chipotle s Organizational Structure Is Centered On The...

Chipotle’s organizational structure is centered on the functional structure. The top levels of management include the co-CEOs, CFO, Head-Media Relations, and Chief Creative and Development Officer CCDO (Chipotle). Chipotle is a smaller corporation relative to its competitors, which allows it to focus on a vertical hierarchy based on functions. The fact that there are few departments demonstrates that Chipotle is still a growing corporation. Chipotle is a highly centralized corporation as all of its stores are corporate owned and they must follow the rules set by the corporate headquarters this involves the same menu throughout the country and the same prices. The restaurant business follows high levels of formalization a set of guidelines must be followed in order to comply with food and health regulations. There is low division of labor at the restaurant level as those cooking can shift to serving and cleaning when needed, allowing the allocation of labor to match whatever is needed in the situation. A unique aspect of Chipotle’s upper management is the fact that there are two CEOs (Feloni). The two CEO help ease job functions and enables them to be more accessible. Another managerial aspect of Chipotle is the through the position of restaurateur. There are 183 of these positions and they work to manage several Chipotles, bringing management close to each store (Investor’s Business Daily). From their organizational structure we can see they place high importance onShow MoreRelatedChipotle s Organizational Structure Is Centered On The Functional Structure1097 Words   |  5 PagesChipotle’s organizational structure is centered on the functional structure. The top levels of management include the co-CEOs, CFO, Head-Media Relations, and Chief Creative and Development Officer CCDO (). Chipotle is a smaller corporation relative to its competitors, which allows it to focus on a vertical hierarchy based on functions. The fact that there are few departments demonstrates that Chipotle is still a growing corporation. Chipotle is a highly centralized corporation as all of its stores Chipotle s Organizational Structure Is Centered On The... Chipotle’s organizational structure is centered on the functional structure. The top levels of management include the co-CEOs, CFO, Head-Media Relations, and Chief Creative and Development Officer CCDO (). Chipotle is a smaller corporation relative to its competitors, which allows it to focus on a vertical hierarchy based on functions. The fact that there are few departments demonstrates that Chipotle is still a growing corporation. Chipotle is a highly centralized corporation as all of its stores are corporate owned and they must follow the rules set by the corporate headquarters this involves the same menu throughout the country and the same prices. The restaurant business follows high levels of formalization a set of guidelines must be followed in order to comply with food and health regulations. There is low division of labor at the restaurant level as those cooking can shift to serving and cleaning when needed, allowing the allocation of labor to match whatever is needed in the situation. A unique aspect of Chipotle’s upper management is the fact that there are two CEOs. Which staff functions report directly to the senior-most leader? (1-2 pages) Based on my experience as a customer at Chipotle, their organizational culture is centered on high quality products and enjoyable customer service. Chipotle’s artifacts can be seen throughout their store and in their products. They deliver high-grade good in a clean and friendly atmosphere. The posters within the storeShow MoreRelatedChipotle s Organizational Structure Is Centered On The Functional Structure1350 Words   |  6 Pages Chipotle’s organizational structure is centered on the functional structure. The top levels of management include the co-CEOs, CFO, Head-Media Relations, and Chief Creative and Development Officer CCDO (Chipotle). Chipotle is a smaller corporation relative to its competitors, which allows it to focus on a vertical hierarchy based on functions. The fact that there are few departments demonstrates that Chipotle is still a growing corporation. Chipotle is a highly centralized corporation as all

Mobile Sensor Localization In Wireless Sensor †Free Samples

Questions: 1.What research question does the paper address? 2.What was the conclusion of the research? Answers: 1. The research is being carried upon to have a proper insight to know whether the user pin can be stolen with the use of mobile users or it is just a hyped myth and has no practical grounds. The study is also based on the viability of the information leakage from these sensors, and further investigation is carried on to know have an in-depth analysis of the other sensors and functions[1]. The research question being pursued in this study is: as the mobile sensors are getting powerful and have access to more and more data about the user and its surrounding environment, the study is intended to know about the knowledge that the mobile users are having regarding this sensors. And also the study wants to investigate the level of fear people among people regarding these sensors which threatens the security and privacy[2]. 2. After an in-depth study, it was revealed that the access of mobile sensors with the use of Java scripts is limited to some sensors at a time. But the number is going to increase in the future with development and innovation. The users are least concerned about these sensors stealing the PINs or personal data. There are many proposals for developing a secure and usable solution waiting for future analysis. But according to this study, it can be concluded finding a proper solution for this is a bit complex. Thus, it can be relayed that an extensive study is needed to develop a permission framework which is secure and at the same time usable. References Hsu, Shun Chih and Hsung Pin Chang, "Distributed Aggregation Service For Mobile Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks" (2007) 5International Journal of Mobile Communications Shah, Ghalib A. and Ozgur B. Akan, "Timing-Based Mobile Sensor Localization In Wireless Sensor And Actor Networks" (2010) 15Mobile Networks and Applications

Csr in Telecommunication Industry free essay sample

The telecommunication industries are now thinking seriously about maintaining CSR and making more strategic decisions about the issue for various reasons. But there are no specific ways to determine how much this CSR is helping the business. Is it a long run phenomenon or is contributes only a little to the long run profit of the businesses? There is no clear cut answer to this question. As a result the telecommunication companies are suffering from indecision on whether to perform CSR on a regular basis. This project, therefore, will be helpful to make the telecommunication firms taking confident steps regarding CSR having a clear idea about the impact of it on the profitability. Research Problem There is no specific model for measuring the impact of CSR on Profitability in the telecommunication industry of Bangladesh Objectives and Goals: Broad Objective: †¢ The broad objective of this research is to formulate a model that can measure the impact of CSR on profitability Specific Objective: To find out the factors that influences the companies to engage in CSR activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Csr in Telecommunication Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page †¢ Find the relationship between the CSR and the profitability, which is, finding CSR as a variable of profitability function. †¢ Find a standard measurement to measure the CSR involvement of different companies. †¢ Find the reason for which different companies involve in different degree †¢ What criteria does the telecommunication industry use when selecting different CSR activities †¢ How do industries evaluate CSR activities Research Aim: The aim of the research is to help the telecommunication companies to make accurate forecasts about their profitability and encourage them to perform more CSR activities as a result. This will also help the society as a whole. Literature Review: Technical Proposal: Proposed Methodology: Project Time Schedule: Benefits: Accurate Forecasting: The telecommunication companies will be able to accurately forecast their profits using our model which will make them more competitive in the future. Reduced prices: The accurate forecasting will efinitely enable the companies to reduce the prices of their different offers and this will contribute to raise the living standard of the Bangladeshi people. Benefit to the society After each month the workings would be accumulated and the progress should be evaluated. Deliverables: The deliverables will a detailed report containing the generated data, interpretation of the data in light of the project objectives. It will contain the model that we will be developing. A research paper will be submitted at the end of the project. Project Budget: The approximate cost of the whole project is

Essay Writing Samples For Upsc

Essay Writing Samples For UpscIf you are interested in learning more about how to write essays, then consider using upsc. Upsc is an essay writing sample site that allows you to write your own essays.What makes Upsc stand out is that it allows you to use the writer's voice and personality to write on a wide variety of topics. The best part is that you get a variety of samples to use, many of which are for traditional college essays. For students who have some experience with traditional composition, it might be a great option. If you haven't used any of the Upsc Writing Samples for Upsc yet, you can find more information by visiting their website.The reason why essay writing samples for Upsc are so helpful is because of the variety of topics they cover. You can choose from essay topics that are more general, such as grammar, communication, thesis, or more specific topics like the subject matter of your speech or dissertation. Your essay writing samples for Upsc can be for just one to pic or you can also choose topics that focus on more than one topic. This allows you to get some ideas about the essay topic and what kinds of topics will interest you.One thing to keep in mind when looking at these essay writing samples for Upsc is that you should write your essay in a specific style. Each essay sample will teach you exactly how to write an essay. It might be helpful to take notes on the format of the topics in the essay writing samples for Upsc. Having a good idea of the style you would like to use will help you decide if you want to stay within the specified structure or if you want to make a big change.The different sample essays in the Upsc site come in several formats, including reader's manual, bibliography, citations, essay outline, note card format, text file format, and video format. Some of the topics covered include graduation essay, college essay, honors essay, thesis essay, classic essay, and dissertation essay. It is important to remember that the dif ferent topic samples are meant to give you examples that will work for you as a starting point. You should keep in mind that the essays are intended to illustrate and teach you how to write the essay topic and will not guarantee your success.The great thing about the essay writing samples for Upsc is that you can use it to get the basic idea about writing essays and then decide what topic you want to focus on next. For example, if you are planning to major in history and you already know what types of history you would like to study, then you might want to focus on that topic. Keep in mind that it is difficult to learn how to write an essay on every topic.The essay writing samples for Ups are great tools for those who are looking to improve their ability to write essays. Many students would like to learn how to write for themselves, especially if they have a passion for it. This is a great way to get started with an easier, more personal essay topic. If you are looking for some grea t new ideas on how to write for yourself, consider using Upsc Writing Samples for Upsc for guidance.

Bryan Velazquez Essays (737 words) - Emerging Technologies

Bryan Velazquez Brown CIS 110 10/4/2017 Drones A drone is defined as an unmanned aerial vehicle or a UAV. In simple terms it is a fairly small object that is put in the air without a pilot and can do many thinks from taking videos to pictures to even being used as a weapon but the main thing is that there isn't anyone controlling it from the inside of it. Drones have been around for longer than most people would think but just recently you are starting to see them used in ways that you wouldn't imagine. With more and more technology that comes out, people are putting that into drone to make them able to do things advanced. In this paper I will talk about how drones are emerging in the technology world today and how pretty soon we will be seeing more and more of them especially in the workplace. When drones were first invented they were mainly used in the military for the use of taking photographs but as they became more and more advanced they became weapons and were used in combat. The first time a drone was used in the intention of killing was in 2002 and that shows the growth that it has endured in its time from only being used to take aerial photos to being used to target and kill CITATION Sif17 \l 1033 (Sifton, 2017) . That was a short recap on the beginning of drones and what they were primarily used for but in todays society drones are now beginning to be used in the workplace and one workplace that is beginning this trend of drones is in construction. When you think of construction you don't think of it as being very efficient and also safe but with drones this can fix these problems and improve them drastically. There is about $160 billion loss in America in terms of material loss and waste and having drones on the construction site could improve this number to keep track of all the materials and making sure that it doesn't go to waste causing the construction industry to be more efficient in the amount of money used and wasted CITATION Dil17 \l 1033 (Dillow, 2017) . Drones also provide the ability to inspect critical infrastructures or to site manage. This allows for very dangerous work to get done without having to put anyone in harm's way and risk someone getting hurt or losing their life CITATION Dow17 \l 1033 (Downey , 2017) . Businesses are starting to realize that drones save a lot of time and are more efficient than a human being because every human makes mistakes but with a drone to window for mistakes is very small. In todays world you aren't going to see a construction sit with drones watching it very often but here soon you will because it allows for safer and more efficient conditions. Also with big businesses you will see a big increase with drones due to the risk of having humans inspect the buildings of companies and what might be malfunctioning. Drones are also being used for security purposes due to the ability for them to move around unlike a camera that can only see certain areas depending on where they are put. The bottom line is that businesses and operations are starting to understand the logistics of using drones and how it can impact an industry just by keeping up with materials or inspecting buildings that would be very dangerous for a human to do. It is a much easier alternative and cheaper in the long run and that's why it is emerging and will be used by many big companies soon and will slowly go down to the smaller companies and industries once they become a part of mainstream technology. Work Cited BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 Dillow, C. (2017, october 4). The Construction Industry Is in Love with Drones . Retrieved from Fortune: http://fortune.com/2016/09/13/commercial-drone-construction-industry/ Downey , J. (2017, October 4). More efficient and safer - how drones are changing the workplace . Retrieved from World Economic Forum: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/06/more-efficient-and-safer-how-drones-are-changing-the-workplace/ Sifton, J. (2017, October 4). A Brief History of Drones . Retrieved from The Nation: https://www.thenation.com/article/brief-history-drones/